源码下载
下载地址：http://nutch.apache.org/downloads.html
解压后得到目录apache-nutch-2.3.1，进入该目录。
修改配置文件
修改配置文件conf/nutch-site.xml
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<!--此参数主要用于在IDE环境开发模式运行，在构建输出的runtime部署运行请注释或删除此项参数-->
<!-- Just for development, please remove this plugin.folders for production env -->
<property>
<name>plugin.folders</name>
<value>./src/plugin</value>
</property>
<!--基于gora的爬虫数据底层存储机制，-->
<!--官方文档及推荐为HBase，本项目默认配置为MongoDB。需要同步配置gora.properties文件中相关参数。-->
<property>
<name>storage.data.store.class</name>
<value>org.apache.gora.mongodb.store.MongoStore</value>
<description>Default class for storing data</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>http.agent.name</name>
<value>Your Nutch Spider</value>
</property>
</configuration>修改ivy/ivy.xml文件 取消mongodb注释
<!-- Uncomment this to use MongoDB as Gora backend. -->
<dependency org="org.apache.gora" name="gora-mongodb" rev="0.6.1" conf="*->default" />修改conf/gora.properties文件配置mongodb
############################
# MongoDBStore properties #
############################
gora.datastore.default=org.apache.gora.mongodb.store.MongoStore
gora.mongodb.override_hadoop_configuration=false
gora.mongodb.mapping.file=/gora-mongodb-mapping.xml
gora.mongodb.servers=localhost:27017
gora.mongodb.db=nutchFocuse
#gora.mongodb.login=login
#gora.mongodb.secret=secret编译项目 导入intellij idea
在该目录下分别执行ant clean,ant,ant eclipse。执行完成后。打开intellij idea import Project->选择apache-nutch-2.3.1目录->import project from external model(选择eclipse)，之后一路next即可。
调整依赖顺序
调整依赖顺序 1.前三个依赖顺序为conf,Module source,1.8(jdk)
运行测试
在该目录下建立文件夹urls,在文件夹下建立文件seed.txt 该文件用于存储种子url。工程搭建完成后目录结构如下图所示： 
我根据crawl脚本“直译”了一个java类(crawl)方便用于调试
/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.nutch.crawl;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
import org.apache.nutch.fetcher.FetcherJob;
import org.apache.nutch.indexer.IndexingJob;
import org.apache.nutch.indexer.solr.SolrDeleteDuplicates;
import org.apache.nutch.metadata.Nutch;
import org.apache.nutch.parse.ParserJob;
import org.apache.nutch.util.NutchConfiguration;
import org.apache.nutch.util.StringUtil;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Random;
// Commons Logging imports
public class Crawl extends Configured implements Tool {
public static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Crawl.class);
/* Perform complete crawling and indexing (to Solr) given a set of root urls and the -solr
parameter respectively. More information and Usage parameters can be found below. */
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
Configuration conf = NutchConfiguration.create();
String[] parameter = new String[3];
parameter[0] = "urls";
parameter[1] = "testcrawlid";
// parameter[2] = "http://localhost:8080/solr";
// parameter[3] = "1";
parameter[2] = "1";
int res = ToolRunner.run(conf, new Crawl(), parameter);
System.exit(res);
}
@Override
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (args.length < 3) {
System.out.println
("Usage: crawl <seedDir> <crawlID> [<solrUrl>] <numberOfRounds>");
return -1;
}
String seedDir = args[0];
String crawlId = args[1];
String limit="",solrUrl="";
if (args.length==3){
limit = args[2];
}else if (args.length==4){
solrUrl = args[2];
limit = args[3];
}else {
System.out.println("参数个数不匹配,检查输入参数");
}
if (StringUtil.isEmpty(seedDir)){
System.out.println("Missing seedDir : crawl <seedDir> <crawlID> [<solrURL>] <numberOfRounds>");
}
if (StringUtil.isEmpty(crawlId)){
System.out.println("Missing crawlID : crawl <seedDir> <crawlID> [<solrURL>] <numberOfRounds>");
}
if (StringUtil.isEmpty(solrUrl)){
System.out.println("No SOLRURL specified. Skipping indexing.");
}
if (StringUtil.isEmpty(limit)){
System.out.println("Missing numberOfRounds : crawl <seedDir> <crawlID> [<solrURL>] <numberOfRounds>");
}
//MODIFY THE PARAMETERS BELOW TO YOUR NEEDS
//set the number of slaves nodes
int numSlaves=1;
//and the total number of available tasks
//sets Hadoop parameter "mapred.reduce.tasks"
int numTasks= numSlaves<<1;
// number of urls to fetch in one iteration
//250K per task?
// int sizeFetchlist=numSlaves * 5;
int sizeFetchlist=10;
//time limit for feching
String timeLimitFetch="180";
//Adds <days> to the current time to facilitate
//crawling urls already fetched sooner then
//db.default.fetch.interval.
int addDays=0;
getConf().set("mapred.reduce.tasks", String.valueOf(numTasks));
getConf().set("mapred.child.java.opts","-Xmx1000m");
getConf().set("mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution","false");
getConf().set("mapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution","false");
getConf().set("mapred.compress.map.output","true");
InjectorJob injector = new InjectorJob(getConf());
GeneratorJob generator = new GeneratorJob(getConf());
FetcherJob fetcher = new FetcherJob(getConf());
ParserJob parse = new ParserJob(getConf());
DbUpdaterJob dbUpdaterJob = new DbUpdaterJob(getConf());
IndexingJob indexingJob = new IndexingJob();
SolrDeleteDuplicates solrDeleteDuplicates = new SolrDeleteDuplicates();
// initialize crawlDb
getConf().set(Nutch.CRAWL_ID_KEY, crawlId);
int res;
String[] injectParameter = new String[3];
injectParameter[0] = seedDir;
injectParameter[1] = "-crawlId";
injectParameter[2] = crawlId;
System.out.println("initial injection");
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(), injector,injectParameter);
print(res,"inject");
for (int i = 0; i < Integer.parseInt(limit); i++) {
System.out.println("Begin Generate");
String batchId = System.currentTimeMillis()+"-"+new Random().nextInt(32767);
String[] generateParameter = new String[10];
// generate new segment
generateParameter[0] = "-topN";
generateParameter[1] = String.valueOf(sizeFetchlist);
generateParameter[2] = "-noNorm";
generateParameter[3] = "-noFilter";
generateParameter[4] = "-adddays";
generateParameter[5] = String.valueOf(addDays);
generateParameter[6] = "-crawlId";
generateParameter[7] = crawlId;
generateParameter[8] = "-batchId";
generateParameter[9] = batchId;
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(), generator,generateParameter);
print(res,"generate");
System.out.println("Begin Fetch");
String[] fetchParameter = new String[5];
fetchParameter[0] = batchId;
fetchParameter[1] = "-crawlId";
fetchParameter[2] = crawlId;
fetchParameter[3] = "-threads";
//线程数量 thread
fetchParameter[4] = "10";
getConf().set("fetcher.timelimit.mins",timeLimitFetch);
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(),fetcher, fetchParameter);
print(res,"fetch");
/**
* 配置文件中 已经在fetch过程中就使用parse 所以这个单独的parse不用在重复调用
*/
System.out.println("parse begin");
String[] parseParameter = new String[3];
parseParameter[0] = batchId;
parseParameter[1] = "-crawlId";
parseParameter[2] = crawlId;
getConf().set("mapred.skip.attempts.to.start.skipping","2");
getConf().set("mapred.skip.map.max.skip.records","1");
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(), parse,parseParameter);
if (res==0){
System.out.println("parse finish");
}else {
System.out.println("parse failed");
}
//updatedb with this batch
System.out.println("begin updatedb");
String[] updatedbParameter = new String[3];
updatedbParameter[0] = batchId;
updatedbParameter[1] = "-crawlId";
updatedbParameter[2] = crawlId;
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(),dbUpdaterJob,updatedbParameter);
print(res,"updatedb");
if (StringUtil.isEmpty(solrUrl)){
System.out.println("Skipping indexing tasks: no SOLR url provided.");
}else {
System.out.println("begin Indexing");
getConf().set("solr.server.url",solrUrl);
String[] indexingParameter = new String[3];
indexingParameter[0] = "-all";
indexingParameter[1] = "-crawlId";
indexingParameter[2] = crawlId;
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(), indexingJob, indexingParameter);
print(res,"indexing");
System.out.println("begin SOLR dedup");
String[] solrdedupParameter = new String[1];
solrdedupParameter[0] = solrUrl;
res = ToolRunner.run(getConf(),solrDeleteDuplicates , solrdedupParameter);
print(res,"solr Delete Duplicates");
}
}
return 0;
}
public static void print(int res,String name ){
if (res==0){
System.out.println(name+" finish");
}else if (res==1){
System.out.println(name+" finish but no more URLs to fetch now,Escaping loop");
}else {
System.out.println(name+" failed");
}
}
}
先启动mongodb，然后直接直接运行crawl类即可。我的配置默认mongodb是配置在本地机器。
如果要单独运行nutch的每个阶段，如inject、generate、fetch等可以按下面的方法来配置。以inject为例，其他都类似。
在idea里面 点击Edit Configurations..然后点击左上脚＋号，选择Application，配置运行的类和参数即可，如下图所示： 
