一、创建一个VotingSystem项目以及polls应用
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$ django
-
admin.py startproject VotingSystem
$ cd VotingSystem
$ python3 manage.py startapp polls
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注：如果使用Pycharm来创建的话，以上两步都可以省略
二、配置tempaltes路径（如果没有）
a. 先在VotingSystem项目目录下新建一个templates文件夹，注意文件夹权限和属组
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$ sudo mkdir templates
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b. 然后再setting.py文件中添加路径
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TEMPLATES
=
[
{
...
'DIRS'
: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,
'templates'
)]
...
},
]
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三、将应用名称添加到setting.py文件INSTALLED_APPS选项末尾（如果没有）
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INSTALLED_APPS
=
[
...
'polls'
,
]
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注：以上两步如果用Pycharm都可以一步到位
四、编辑polls/model.py，创建数据库模型
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from
django.db
import
models
# 问题
class
Question(models.Model):
question_text
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
200
)
# 双引号中定义的是在admin页面显示的verbose_name
pub_date
=
models.DateTimeField(
"date published"
)
def
__str__(
self
):
return
self
.question_text
# 问题选项
class
Choice(models.Model):
question
=
models.ForeignKey(
"Question"
)
choice_text
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
200
)
votes
=
models.IntegerField(default
=
0
)
def
__str__(
self
):
return
self
.choice_text
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五、同步数据库，生成数据库表（这里使用的是默认的sqlite3）
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$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
$ python3 manage.py migrate
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六、生成admin管理账户
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$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser
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七、将model注册到admin中
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from
django.contrib
import
admin
from
.models
import
*
class
ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
model
=
Choice
extra
=
3
# 在admin页面显示额外三个空白表单
class
QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets
=
[
(
None
, {
'fields'
: [
'question_text'
]}),
(
'Date information'
, {
'fields'
: [
'pub_date'
],
'classes'
: [
'collapse'
]}),
]
inlines
=
[ChoiceInline,]
# 在admin页面显示内联
list_display
=
(
'question_text'
,
'pub_date'
)
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
admin.site.register(Choice)
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八、启动server，进入admin页面，创建一些问题和选项
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$ python3 manage.py runserver
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九、编辑VotingSystem/urls.py，使用路由分发和命名空间
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from
django.conf.urls
import
url, include
from
django.contrib
import
admin
urlpatterns
=
[
url(r
'^admin/'
, admin.site.urls),
url(r
'^polls/'
, include(
"polls.urls"
, namespace
=
"polls"
)),
]
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十、编辑polls/urls.py
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from
django.conf.urls
import
url
from
polls
import
views
urlpatterns
=
[
url(r
'^$'
, views.index, name
=
"index"
),
url(r
'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$'
, views.detail, name
=
"detail"
),
url(r
'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$'
, views.results, name
=
"results"
),
url(r
'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$'
, views.vote, name
=
"vote"
),
]
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十一、编辑polls/views.py视图文件
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from
django.shortcuts
import
render, get_object_or_404, HttpResponseRedirect, reverse, redirect
from
.models
import
*
# 首页，展示所有问题
def
index(req):
lastest_question_list
=
Question.objects.
all
()
return
render(req,
"polls/index.html"
,
locals
())
# 展示单个问题的所有选项
def
detail(req, question_id):
question
=
get_object_or_404(Question, pk
=
question_id)
return
render(req,
"polls/detail.html"
,
locals
())
# 查看投票结果，
def
results(req, question_id):
question
=
get_object_or_404(Question, pk
=
question_id)
return
render(req,
"polls/results.html"
,
locals
())
# 选择投票，设置cookie验证
def
vote(req, question_id):
p
=
get_object_or_404(Question, pk
=
question_id)
if
req.COOKIES.get(
"is_vote"
,
None
):
return
render(req,
"polls/detail.html"
, {
"question"
: p,
"error_message"
:
"你已经投过票了!"
})
try
:
selected_choice
=
p.choice_set.get(pk
=
req.POST[
'choice'
])
except
(KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
return
render(req,
"polls/detail.html"
, {
"question"
: p,
"error_message"
:
"You did't select a choice"
})
else
:
selected_choice.votes
+
=
1
selected_choice.save()
rep
=
redirect(reverse(
"polls:results"
, args
=
(p.
id
,)))
rep.set_cookie(
"is_vote"
,
True
)
return
rep
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十二、在templates目录下创建polls目录，在polls目录下创建index.html detail.html results.html三个HTML文件
index.html:
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<
html
lang
=
"en"
>
<
head
>
<
meta
charset
=
"UTF-8"
>
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
{% if lastest_question_list %}
<
ul
>
{% for question in lastest_question_list %}
<
li
><
a
href
=
"{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}"
>{{ question.question_text }}</
a
></
li
>
{% endfor %}
</
ul
>
{% else %}
<
p
>No polls are avaiable.</
p
>
{% endif %}
</
body
>
</
html
>
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detail.html:
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<
html
lang
=
"en"
>
<
head
>
<
meta
charset
=
"UTF-8"
>
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>{{ question.question_text }}</
h1
>
{% if error_message %}
<
p
><
strong
>{{ error_message }}</
strong
></
p
>
{% endif %}
<
form
action
=
"{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}"
method
=
"post"
>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<
input
type
=
"radio"
name
=
"choice"
id
=
"choice{{ forloop.counter }}"
value
=
"{{ choice.id }}"
/>
<
label
for
=
"choice{{ forloop.counter }}"
>{{ choice.choice_text }}</
label
><
br
/>
{% endfor %}
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"提交"
/>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
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results.html:
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<
html
lang
=
"en"
>
<
head
>
<
meta
charset
=
"UTF-8"
>
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>{{ question.question_text }}</
h1
>
<
ul
>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<
li
>
{{ choice.choice_text }} --> {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}
</
li
>
{% endfor %}
</
ul
>
<
a
href
=
"{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}"
>再次投票</
a
>
<
a
href
=
"{% url 'polls:index' %}"
>返回首页</
a
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
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十三、至此我们所有配置都已经配置完毕了，马上运行server，进行访问吧
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/
十四、githup源码地址: https://github.com/daibaiyang119/VotingSystem
本文转自戴柏阳的博客博客51CTO博客，原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/daibaiyang119/1971005如需转载请自行联系原作者
daibaiyang119
