1）实验拓扑信息
mysql版本：5.5.32（基于源代码安装）
系统版本：CentOS6.7
10.10.10.129: mysql的主服务器
10.10.10.130: mysql的从服务器
目的：
本地主从：
10.10.10.129 3306 --> 10.10.10.10.129 3307
异地主从：
10.10.10.129 3306 --> 10.10.10.10.130 3306
2）主库上的配置
a、准备mysql的测试环境
先准备好mysql多实例环境，之前我已经写过博客，这里就不重复了，可以参考http://molewan.blog.51cto.com/287340/1860198
b、在主库（10.10.10.129）上开启binlog记录功能
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# grep server-id /data/3306/my.cnf
server-
id
= 1
# grep server-id /data/3307/my.cnf
server-
id
= 3
# grep log-bin /data/3306/my.cnf
log-bin =
/data/3306/mysql-bin
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登陆数据库进行查看：
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# mysql -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345
mysql> show variables like
'log_bin'
;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
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c、建立用于主从复制的账号
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# mysql -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to
'rep'
@
'10.10.10.%'
identified by
'redhat12345'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
select
user,host from mysql.user;
+------+------------+
| user | host |
+------+------------+
| wan | % |
| rep | 10.10.10.% |
| wan | 10.10.10.% |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | C67-X64-A8 |
| root | C67-X64-A8 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+------------+
9 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
select
user,host from mysql.user where user=
'rep'
;
+------+------------+
| user | host |
+------+------------+
| rep | 10.10.10.% |
+------+------------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
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d、实现对主数据库锁表只读（当前窗口不要关闭）
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mysql> flush table with
read
lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
重新打开一个窗口，锁表后查看主库状态：
# mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 337 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
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e、使用mysqldump进行数据库备份：
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# mysqldump -uroot -p'redhat12345' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --events -A -B |gzip >/mysqlback/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
# echo $?
0
# ls -l /mysqlback/
总用量 144
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144402 10月 9 02:54 mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz
# du -sh /mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz
144K
/mysqlback/mysql_bak
.2016-10-09.sql.gz
为了确保导出数据期间，数据库没有数据插入，导库完毕可以再次检查主库状态信息
# mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 -e "show master status"
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 337 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
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f、导出数据完毕后，解锁主库，恢复可写
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mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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3）从库上的配置
a、10.10.10.129 3307数据库上的配置
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# cd /mysqlback/
# ls
mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz
# gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz
# ls
mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql
# mysql -uroot -p'redhat12345' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock </mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql
# echo $?
0
# mysql -uroot -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -p'redhat12345'<<EOF
change master to
master_host=
'10.10.10.129'
,
master_port=3306,
master_user=
'rep'
,
master_password=
'redhat12345'
,
master_log_file=
'mysql-bin.000004'
,
master_log_pos=337;
EOF
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting
for
master to send event
Master_Host: 10.10.10.129
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 337
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 337
Relay_Log_Space: 403
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
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主从复制是否成功，最关键的为下面的3项状态参数：
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# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running|_Behind_Master"
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
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b、10.10.10.130 3306数据库上的配置
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# mkdir -p /mysqlback/
# scp /mysqlbackup/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 10.10.10.130:/mysqlback
# gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz
# ls
mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql
# mysql -uroot -p'redhat12345' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock </mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql
# echo $?
0
# mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -p'redhat12345'<<EOF
change master to
master_host=
'10.10.10.129'
,
master_port=3306,
master_user=
'rep'
,
master_password=
'redhat12345'
,
master_log_file=
'mysql-bin.000004'
,
master_log_pos=337;
EOF
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting
for
master to send event
Master_Host: 10.10.10.129
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 337
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 337
Relay_Log_Space: 403
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
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在10.10.10.130服务器上检查
主从复制是否成功，最关键的为下面的3项状态参数：
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# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running|_Behind_Master"
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
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4）mysql主从同步测试
在10.10.10.129上查看数据库：
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[root@mysql-master ~]
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dawnpro |
| eip |
| ems |
| hangzhou_dawnpro |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| wh410 |
+--------------------+
[root@mysql-master ~]
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dawnpro |
| eip |
| ems |
| hangzhou_dawnpro |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| wh410 |
+--------------------+
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在10.10.10.130上查看数据库：
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[root@mysql-slave mysqlbackup]
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dawnpro |
| eip |
| ems |
| hangzhou_dawnpro |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| wh410 |
+--------------------+
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通过对比，可以发现，数据库完全一致，然后我们在主库上新建一个blog的数据库
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[root@mysql-master mysqlback]
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| blog |
| dawnpro |
| eip |
| ems |
| hangzhou_dawnpro |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| wh410 |
+--------------------+
[root@mysql-slave mysqlbackup]
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| blog |
| dawnpro |
| eip |
| ems |
| hangzhou_dawnpro |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| wh410 |
+--------------------+
主从同步到此完成
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5）注意事项
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1）master与slave中的server-
id
要保持唯一
2）备份导出前要使用“flush table with
read
lock;”让数据库锁表只读，并且这个窗口不要关闭
3）slave上要start slave；接收信息
4）master与slave时间要保持一致
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本文转自 冰冻vs西瓜 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/molewan/1860649，如需转载请自行联系原作者
