MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后，在A上写数据，另外一台B也会跟着写数据，两者数据实时同步的。它基于binlog，主设备上须开启binlog才能进行主从。
主从过程大致有3个步骤：
1）主设备将更改操作记录到binlog里；
2）从将主设备的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里；
3）从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行。
主设备上有一个log dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog。从设备上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地。
准备工作
1、准备两台装有mysql的服务器，并启动mysql服务。
2、分配角色，确定设备主从。
配置主设备
1、编辑配置文件
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[root@plinuxos ~]
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-
id
=88
log_bin=bin01
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2、重启mysql
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[root@plinuxos ~]
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
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3、检查log_bin
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[root@plinuxos ~]
# ls /data/mysql/bin01.*
/data/mysql/bin01
.000001
/data/mysql/bin01
.index
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4、创建数据库
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[root@plinuxos mysql]
# cd /data/mysql
[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e 'create database db01'
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5、增加测试数据
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[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot zrlog >/tmp/zrlog.sql
[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot db01 </tmp/zrlog.sql
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6、备份所有数据库
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[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot db01 > /tmp/db01.sql
[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql
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7、创建用户
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[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 414
Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to
'repl'
@
'122.112.197.192'
identified by
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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8、锁表并查看状态
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mysql> flush tables with
read
lock;
##锁表，防止写入
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status;
##下方两个参数需要在从设备上配置
+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| bin01.000001 | 10472 | | | |
+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
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配置从设备
1、编辑配置文件
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[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-
id
=192
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2、重启mysql
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[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
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3、复制主设备数据库备份文件
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[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# scp 122.112.253.88:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/
The authenticity of host
'122.112.253.88 (122.112.253.88)'
can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 2e:6e:90:32:87:05:9e:63:63:d6:2d:44:a5:5f:be:51.
Are you sure you want to
continue
connecting (
yes
/no
)?
yes
Warning: Permanently added
'122.112.253.88'
(ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@122.112.253.88's password:
db01.sql 100% 9877 9.7KB
/s
00:00
zrlog.sql 100% 9878 9.7KB
/s
00:00
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4、创建对应数据库
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[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
mysql> create database db01;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database zrlog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot db01 </tmp/db01.sql
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot zrlog </tmp/zrlog.sql
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5、配置主备同步
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[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 4
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host=
'122.112.253.88'
,master_user=
'repl'
,master_password=
'123456'
,master_log_file=
'bin01.000001'
,master_log_pos=10472;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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6、查看主从状态
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mysql> show slave status\G;
##如果出现错误，可能是云主机策略没放过3306端口
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting
for
master to send event
Master_Host: 122.112.253.88
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: bin01.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 10708
Relay_Log_File: ecs-89c1-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 515
Relay_Master_Log_File: bin01.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 10708
Relay_Log_Space: 691
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 88
Master_UUID: 79b66469-8cc8-11e7-ae36-fa163eb51d35
Master_Info_File:
/data/mysql/master
.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has
read
all relay log; waiting
for
the slave I
/O
thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
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7、主设备解锁
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[root@plinuxos mysql]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 875
Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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测试主从同步
1、在主设备上删除db01数据库的表；
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mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_db01 |
+----------------+
| comment |
| link |
| log |
| lognav |
| plugin |
| tag |
|
type
|
| user |
+----------------+
8 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table tag;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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2、在从设备查看对应的表也已经不存在了。
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mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_db01 |
+----------------+
| comment |
| link |
| log |
| lognav |
| plugin |
|
type
|
| user |
+----------------+
7 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
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扩展学习
▎配置参数
1. 主服务器上：
binlog-do-db= //仅同步指定的库(其他库不同步)
binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定库(其他库都同步)
2. 从服务器上：
replicate_do_db= //(不常用)
replicate_ignore_db= //(不常用)
replicate_do_table= //(不常用)
replicate_ignore_table= //(不常用)
replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, (支持通配符%)
replicate_wild_ignore_table=
本文转自Grodd51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/juispan/1961233，如需转载请自行联系原作者
