一、Puppet条件语句和类
Puppet2.7系列的版本支持使用3种条件判断语句，包括：if，case，selector，puppet也支持使用class是用于通用目标的一组资源，因此，它是命名的代码块，在某位置创建之后可在puppet全局使用，类似于其他编程语言中类的功能，puppet的class可以被继承，也可以包含子类。
二、Puppet模块
到目前为止，资源申报、定义类、声明类等所有功能都只能再一个manifest文件中实现，但这却非最有效的基于puppet管理IT基础架构的方式，实践中，一般需要把manifest文件分解成易于理解的结构，例如将类文件，配置文件、模块文件等分类存放，并且通过某种机制在必要时将它们整合起来，这种机制就是“模块”，它有助于以结构化、层次化的方式使用puppet，而puppet则基于“模块自动装载器”完成模块装载，模块实际就是一个按约定的、预定义的结构存放了多个文件或子目录的目录，目录里的这些文件或子目录必须遵循其命名规范，puppet会按此种规范在特定位置查找所需要的模块文件，不过，这些特定的目录也可以通过puppet的配置参数modulepath定义。
首先来演示下if语句的使用，if又包括单分支，双分支，多分支语句
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi test6.pp
if
$operatingsystem =~ /(?i-mx:^(centos|fedora|redhat))/ {
$webserver =
'httpd'
} elsif operatingsystem =~ /(?i-mx:^(debian|ubuntu))/ {
$webserver =
'apache2'
}
else
{
$webserver = undef
notice(
'Unkown OS'
)
}
package {
"$webserver"
:
ensure => installed,
}
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test6.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
//Package
[httpd]
/ensure
: created
notice: Finished catalog run
in
2.91 seconds
[root@node1 ~]
# rpm -q httpd
httpd-2.2.15-30.el6.centos.x86_64
# 使用多分支if判断语句，operatingsystem顶级变量，根据当前系统安装所要安装的程序包
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case语句，类似if语句，case语句会从多个代码块中选择一个分支执行，这跟其他编程语言中的case语句功能一致，case语句会接受一个控制表达式和一组case代码块，并执行第一个匹配到控制表达式的块
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi test7.pp
case
$operatingsystem {
'Solaris'
: {notice(
"Welcome to Solaris"
)}
'RedHat'
,
'CentOS'
: {notice(
"Welcome to RedHat OSFamily"
)}
/^(Debian|Ubuntu)$/: {notice(
"Welcome to $1 linux"
)}
default: {notice(
"Welcome,alien *_*"
)}
}
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test7.pp
notice: Scope(Class[main]): Welcome to RedHat OSFamily
notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.01 seconds
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selector语句，selector只能用于期望出现直接值的地方，这包括变量赋值，资源属性，函数参数，资源标题，其他selector的值及表达式，selector不能用于一个已经嵌套于selector的case中，也不能用于一个已经嵌套于case的case语句中
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi test8.pp
$webserver = $operatingsystem ? {
/(?i-mx:ubuntu|debian)/ =>
'apache2'
,
/(?i-mx:centos|fedora|redhat)/ =>
'httpd'
,
}
notify {
"$webserver"
:
message =>
"install $webserver"
,
}
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test8.pp
notice:
install
httpd
notice:
/Stage
[main]
//Notify
[httpd]
/message
: defined
'message'
as
'install httpd'
notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.02 seconds
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class的使用
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi test9.pp
class nginx {
package {
'nginx'
:
ensure => installed,
before => File[
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
],
}
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode => 0644,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx.conf'
,
notify => Service[
'nginx'
],
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
include nginx
# 使用include来调用class
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test9.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]
/content
: content changed
'{md5}d9dfc198c249bb4ac341198a752b9458'
to
'{md5}95f45f10386878664af2b7ccd1536ea4'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Service
[nginx]
/ensure
: ensure changed
'stopped'
to
'running'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Service
[nginx]: Triggered
'refresh'
from 1 events
notice: Finished catalog run
in
2.16 seconds
# 也可以使用以下方式调用，这种方式可以传递参数
class nginx {
package {
'nginx'
:
ensure => installed,
before => File[
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
],
}
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode => 0644,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx.conf'
,
notify => Service[
'nginx'
],
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
class {
'nginx'
:}
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test9.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]
/content
: content changed
'{md5}d9dfc198c249bb4ac341198a752b9458'
to
'{md5}95f45f10386878664af2b7ccd1536ea4'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Service
[nginx]
/ensure
: ensure changed
'stopped'
to
'running'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Service
[nginx]: Triggered
'refresh'
from 1 events
notice: Finished catalog run
in
2.06 seconds
|
使用class方法调用类，还可以传递参数实现，根据参数来安装不同的服务，比如想安装tengine
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi test9.pp
class webserver ($wbsvr=
'nginx'
) {
package {
"$wbsvr"
:
ensure => installed,
before => File[
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
],
}
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode => 0644,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx.conf'
,
notify => Service[
'nginx'
],
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
class {
'webserver'
:
wbsvr =>
'nginx'
,
}
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test9.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]
/content
: content changed
'{md5}d9dfc198c249bb4ac341198a752b9458'
to
'{md5}95f45f10386878664af2b7ccd1536ea4'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/Service
[nginx]
/ensure
: ensure changed
'stopped'
to
'running'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/Service
[nginx]: Triggered
'refresh'
from 1 events
notice: Finished catalog run
in
2.09 seconds
[root@node1 ~]
# vi test9.pp
class webserver ($wbsvr=
'nginx'
) {
package {
"$wbsvr"
:
ensure => installed,
before => File[
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
],
}
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode => 0644,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx.conf'
,
notify => Service[
'nginx'
],
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
class {
'webserver'
:
wbsvr =>
'tenginx'
,
}
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test9.pp
err:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/Package
[tenginx]
/ensure
: change from absent to present failed: Execution of
'/usr/bin/yum -d 0 -e 0 -y install tenginx'
returned 1: Error: Nothing to
do
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]: Dependency Package[tenginx] has failures:
true
warning:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]: Skipping because of failed dependencies
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/Service
[nginx]: Dependency Package[tenginx] has failures:
true
warning:
/Stage
[main]
/Webserver/Service
[nginx]: Skipping because of failed dependencies
notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.41 second
|
类也可以被继承，实现根据不同情况调用不同的类
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi test10.pp
class nginx {
package {
'nginx'
:
ensure => installed,
}
}
class nginx::websvr inherits nginx {
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode =>
'0644'
,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
require => Package[
'nginx'
],
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx.conf'
,
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
class nginx::rproxy inherits nginx {
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode =>
'0644'
,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
require => Package[
'nginx'
],
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx-proxy.conf'
,
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
include nginx::websvr
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test10.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Websvr
/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]
/content
: content changed
'{md5}d9dfc198c249bb4ac341198a752b9458'
to
'{md5}95f45f10386878664af2b7ccd1536ea4'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Websvr
/Service
[nginx]
/ensure
: ensure changed
'stopped'
to
'running'
notice: Finished catalog run
in
1.81 seconds
# 调用nginx::rproxy类
[root@node1 ~]
# vi test10.pp
class nginx {
package {
'nginx'
:
ensure => installed,
}
}
class nginx::websvr inherits nginx {
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode =>
'0644'
,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
require => Package[
'nginx'
],
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx.conf'
,
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
class nginx::rproxy inherits nginx {
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
mode =>
'0644'
,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
require => Package[
'nginx'
],
source
=>
'/tmp/nginx-proxy.conf'
,
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
include nginx::rproxy
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply test10.pp
notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.15 seconds
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puppet模块的创建和使用
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# 安装puppet-server
[root@node1 ~]
# rpm -ivh puppet-server-2.7.23-1.el6.noarch.rpm
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# 创建模块目录结构
[root@node1 ~]
# mkdir -pv /etc/puppet/modules/nginx/{manifests,files,lib,templates,tests,spec}
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx
'
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/manifests
'
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/files
'
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/lib
'
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/templates
'
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/tests
'
mkdir
: created directory `
/etc/puppet/modules/nginx/spec
'
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet module list
/etc/puppet/modules
└── nginx (???)
/usr/share/puppet/modules
(no modules installed)
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MODULE NAME：模块名称，只能以小写字母开头，也可以包含小写字母、数字和下划线，但不能使用“main”或者“settings”作为模块名；
manifests目录：包含当前模块的所有manifest文件；每个mainfest文件必须包含一个类或一个定义的类，此文件访问路径格式为"ModuleName::[SubDircetoryName::]ManifestFileName"，注意manifest文件不需要其后缀.pp；
init.pp：只能包含一个单独的类定义，且类的名称必须与模块名称相同；
files目录：包含了一组静态文件，这些文件可被节点下载使用，每个文件的访问路径遵循
puppet:///modules/MODULE_NAME/filename路径格式；
lib目录：插件目录，常用于自定义fact及自定义资源类型等；
templates目录：存储了manifest用到的模板文件，其访问路径遵循template('ModulName/TemplateName')格式；
tests目录：当前模块的使用帮助或使用范例文件，类似如何声明当前模块中的类定义的类型等；
spec目录：类似于tests目录的功能，只不过，其是为lib目录中定义的各插件提供使用的范例的；
在nginx模块中定义init.pp
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi /etc/puppet/modules/nginx/manifests/init.pp
class nginx {
package {
'nginx'
:
ensure => installed,
}
}
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定义nginx_web.pp文件
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi /etc/puppet/modules/nginx/manifests/nginx_web.pp
class nginx::nginx_web inherits nginx {
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
source
=>
'puppet:///modules/nginx/nginx-web.conf'
,
mode =>
'0644'
,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
notify => Service[
'nginx'
],
require => Package[
'nginx'
],
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
# 准备source文件
[root@node1 ~]
# cp /tmp/nginx.conf /etc/puppet/modules/nginx/files/nginx-web.conf
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定义nginx_proxy.pp文件
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi /etc/puppet/modules/nginx/manifests/nginx_proxy.pp
class nginx::nginx_proxy inherits nginx {
file
{
'/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'
:
ensure =>
file
,
source
=>
'puppet:///modules/nginx/nginx-proxy.conf'
,
mode =>
'0644'
,
owner =>
'root'
,
group =>
'root'
,
notify => Service[
'nginx'
],
require => Package[
'nginx'
],
}
service {
'nginx'
:
ensure => running,
}
}
# 准备source文件
[root@node1 ~]
# cp /tmp/nginx.conf /etc/puppet/modules/nginx/files/nginx-proxy.conf
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创建site.pp文件调用前面定义的class
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
node
'node1.luojianlong'
{
include nginx::nginx_web
}
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执行操作
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[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Nginx_web
/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]
/content
: content changed
'{md5}d9dfc198c249bb4ac341198a752b9458'
to
'{md5}95f45f10386878664af2b7ccd1536ea4'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Nginx_web
/Service
[nginx]
/ensure
: ensure changed
'stopped'
to
'running'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Nginx_web
/Service
[nginx]: Triggered
'refresh'
from 1 events
notice: Finished catalog run
in
2.05 seconds
|
这样就是使用nginx-web.conf配置文件启动的nginx
也可以使用nginx-proxy.conf，启动
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[root@node1 ~]
# vi /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
node
'node1.luojianlong'
{
include nginx::nginx_proxy
}
[root@node1 ~]
# yum -y remove nginx
[root@node1 ~]
# puppet apply /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx/Package
[nginx]
/ensure
: created
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Nginx_proxy
/File
[
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf]
/content
: content changed
'{md5}d9dfc198c249bb4ac341198a752b9458'
to
'{md5}95f45f10386878664af2b7ccd1536ea4'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Nginx_proxy
/Service
[nginx]
/ensure
: ensure changed
'stopped'
to
'running'
notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Nginx
::Nginx_proxy
/Service
[nginx]: Triggered
'refresh'
from 1 events
notice: Finished catalog run
in
2.11 seconds
# 执行成功
|
到此，Puppet条件语句，class，module的使用就介绍这么多了。
本文转自ljl_19880709 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/luojianlong/1394883，如需转载请自行联系原作者
