精进不休 .NET 4.0 (2) - asp.net 4.0 新特性之url路由

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.Security; 
using System.Web.SessionState; 

using System.Web.Routing; 

namespace AspDotNet 
{ 
         public  class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication 
        { 
void Application_Start() void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) 
                { 
                        // 关于 Routing 可以参考以前写的 http://webabcd.blog.51cto.com/1787395/341116 
                        // 其中 PageRouteHandler 类的作用是将 URL 路由的功能集成到 Web Form 中 
                        RouteTable.Routes.Add( "myRoute",  new Route( "user/{userName}/{age}",  new PageRouteHandler( "~/UrlRouting/Default.aspx"))); 

                        /* 对应的配置如下，在 machine.config 中 
                        <system.web> 
                             <httpmodule> 
                                        <add name= "RoutingModule" type= "System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"/>    
                             </httpmodule> 
                        <system.web> 
                         */ 
                } 
        } 
}

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master " AutoEventWireup=" true" 
        CodeBehind= "Default.aspx.cs"  Inherits= "AspDotNet.UrlRouting.Default" %> 

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "head" runat= "server"> 
</asp:Content> 
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "ContentPlaceHolder1" runat= "server"> 
        <!-- 
                在页面上获取 url 路由而来的数据的方法 
                配合以下逻辑的路由规则是： "user/{userName}/{age}" 
        --> 
        <asp:Literal runat= "server" Text= "<%$ RouteValue:userName%>" /> 
        <br /> 
        <asp:Literal runat= "server" Text= "<%$ RouteValue:age%>" /> 

        <!-- 
                另外，对于数据源控件来说，也多了一种参数类型 RouteParameter    
        --> 
</asp:Content> 
<%-- 
对应的配置如下，在 machine.config 中 
<system.web> 
     <compilation debug= "true" targetFrameworkMoniker= ".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"> 
            <expressionBuilders> 
                 <add expressionPrefix= "RouteValue" type= "System.Web.Compilation.RouteValueExpressionBuilder" /> 
            </expressionBuilders> 
     </compilation> 
<system.web> 
--%> 

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.UI; 
using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 

namespace AspDotNet.UrlRouting 
{ 
         public partial  class Default : System.Web.UI.Page 
        { 
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 
                { 
                        // 获取 url 路由而来的数据 
                        // 配合以下逻辑的路由规则是： "user/{userName}/{age}" 
                        Response.Write( "userName: " + RouteData.Values[ "userName"].ToString()); 
                        Response.Write( "<br />"); 
                        Response.Write( "age: " + RouteData.Values[ "age"].ToString()); 
                } 
        } 
} 

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master " AutoEventWireup=" true" 
        CodeBehind= "RouteUrlExpressionBuilderDemo.aspx.cs"  Inherits= "AspDotNet.UrlRouting.RouteUrlExpressionBuilderDemo" %> 

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "head" runat= "server"> 
</asp:Content> 
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "ContentPlaceHolder1" runat= "server"> 
        <!-- 
                在页面上构造 url 路由的方式 
        --> 
        <asp:HyperLink ID= "lnk1" runat= "server" NavigateUrl= "<%$ RouteUrl:RouteName=myRoute, userName=webabcd, age=30 %>" 
                Text= "goto" /> 
        <br /><br /> 
        <asp:HyperLink ID= "lnk2" runat= "server" Text= "goto" /> 
</asp:Content> 
<%-- 
对应的配置如下，在 machine.config 中 
<system.web> 
     <compilation debug= "true" targetFrameworkMoniker= ".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"> 
            <expressionBuilders> 
                 <add expressionPrefix= "RouteUrl" type= "System.Web.Compilation.RouteUrlExpressionBuilder"/> 
            </expressionBuilders> 
     </compilation> 
<system.web> 
--%>

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.UI; 
using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 

using System.Web.Compilation; 

namespace AspDotNet.UrlRouting 
{ 
         public partial  class RouteUrlExpressionBuilderDemo : System.Web.UI.Page 
        { 
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 
                { 
                        // 在代码中构造 url 路由的方式 
                         string expression =  String.Format( "RouteName={0}, userName={1}, age={2}",  "myRoute",  "webabcd",  "30"); 
                        lnk2.NavigateUrl = RouteUrlExpressionBuilder.GetRouteUrl(this, expression); 
                } 
        } 
}

<%-- OutputCache 目前不支持直接设置 providerName 属性 --%> 
<%@ OutputCache Duration= "30" VaryByParam= "None" %> 

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master " AutoEventWireup=" true" 
        CodeBehind= "CachingEnhancement.aspx.cs"  Inherits= "AspDotNet.CachingEnhancement" %> 

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "head" runat= "server"> 
</asp:Content> 
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "ContentPlaceHolder1" runat= "server"> 
        <%= DateTime.Now.ToString() %> 
</asp:Content>

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.UI; 
using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 

using System.Web.Caching; 
using System.Security.Cryptography; 
using System.Text; 
using System.IO; 
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; 

namespace AspDotNet 
{ 
         public partial  class CachingEnhancement : System.Web.UI.Page 
        { 
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 
                { 
                         
                } 
        } 

        // 重写 OutputCacheProvider 抽象类，以实现自定义的缓存实现（需要重写的方法是 Add,  Get, Remove,  Set） 
        // 本 Demo 演示了，如何开发一个自定义的 CacheProvider，来实现将数据缓存到硬盘的功能 
         public  class FileCacheProvider : OutputCacheProvider 
        { 
                 private  string _cachePathPrefix = @"c:\"; 

string MD5()  string MD5( string s) 
                { 
                        var provider =  new MD5CryptoServiceProvider(); 
                        var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s); 
                        var builder =  new StringBuilder(); 

                        bytes = provider.ComputeHash(bytes); 

                        foreach (var b  in bytes) 
                                builder.Append(b.ToString( "x2").ToLower()); 

                        return builder.ToString(); 
                } 

                /// <summary> 
                /// 将指定的 key ，做md5 加密后，拼出一个路径，做为保存此 key 对应的对象的文件（此例只做演示用） 
                /// </summary> 
                /// <param name= "key">缓存 key</param> 
                /// <returns></returns> 
string GetPathFromKey()  string GetPathFromKey( string key) 
                { 
                        return _cachePathPrefix + MD5(key) +  ".txt"; 
                } 

                /// <summary> 
                /// 将对象放入自定义的缓存中 
                /// </summary> 
                /// <param name= "key">缓存 key</param> 
                /// <param name= "entry">缓存对象</param> 
                /// <param name= "utcExpiry">缓存的过期时间</param> 
                /// <returns></returns> 
override object Add() override object Add( string key, object entry, DateTime utcExpiry) 
                { 
                        var path = GetPathFromKey(key); 

                        // 指定的 key 已被缓存了，则不做任何处理 
                         if (File.Exists(path)) 
                                return entry; 

                        // 将对象缓存到硬盘上的指定文件 
                        using (var file = File.OpenWrite(path)) 
                        { 
                                var item =  new CacheItem { Expires = utcExpiry, Item = entry }; 
                                var formatter =  new BinaryFormatter(); 
                                formatter.Serialize(file, item); 
                        } 

                        return entry; 
                } 

                /// <summary> 
                /// 在缓存中，根据指定的 key 获取缓存对象 
                /// </summary> 
                /// <param name= "key">缓存 key</param> 
                /// <returns></returns> 
override object  Get() override object  Get( string key) 
                { 
                        var path = GetPathFromKey(key); 

                        // 未找到缓存 
                         if (!File.Exists(path)) 
                                return  null; 

                        CacheItem item =  null; 

                        // 如果有缓存的话，则取出缓存对象 
                        using (var file = File.OpenRead(path)) 
                        { 
                                var formatter =  new BinaryFormatter(); 
                                item = (CacheItem)formatter.Deserialize(file); 
                        } 

                        // 缓存过期或缓存中无数据，则删除此缓存所对应的硬盘上的物理文件 
                         if (item ==  null || item.Expires <= DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime()) 
                        { 
                                Remove(key); 
                                return  null; 
                        } 

                        return item.Item; 
                } 

                /// <summary> 
                /// 根据指定的 key 删除缓存对象 
                /// </summary> 
                /// <param name= "key">缓存 key</param> 
override void Remove() override void Remove( string key) 
                { 
                        var path = GetPathFromKey(key); 

                         if (File.Exists(path)) 
                                File.Delete(path); 
                } 

                /// <summary> 
                /// 更新缓存 
                /// </summary> 
                /// <param name= "key">缓存 key</param> 
                /// <param name= "entry">缓存对象</param> 
                /// <param name= "utcExpiry">缓存的过期时间</param> 
override void  Set() override void  Set( string key, object entry, DateTime utcExpiry) 
                { 
                        var item =  new CacheItem { Expires = utcExpiry, Item = entry }; 
                        var path = GetPathFromKey(key); 

                        using (var file = File.OpenWrite(path)) 
                        { 
                                var formatter =  new BinaryFormatter(); 
                                formatter.Serialize(file, item); 
                        } 
                } 

                /// <summary> 
                /// 封装了需要被缓存的对象的一个可序列化的对象 
                /// </summary> 
                [Serializable] 
                internal  class CacheItem 
                { 
                        /// <summary> 
                        /// 缓存对象 
                        /// </summary> 
                         public object Item; 
                         
                        /// <summary> 
                        /// 缓存对象的过期时间 
                        /// </summary> 
                         public DateTime Expires; 
                } 
        } 
}

<!--缓存配置--> 
<caching> 
        <!--默认的缓存实现是 AspNetInternalProvider（即 asp.net 自带的基于内存的缓存实现方式）--> 
        <outputCache defaultProvider= "AspNetInternalProvider"> 
                <providers> 
                        <!-- 
                                新增一个缓存的 provider 配置 
                                具体实现见 CachingEnhancement.aspx.cs 
                        --> 
                        <add name= "FileCache" type= "AspDotNet.FileCacheProvider, AspDotNet"/> 
                </providers> 
        </outputCache> 
</caching>

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.Security; 
using System.Web.SessionState; 

using System.Web.Routing; 

namespace AspDotNet 
{ 
         public  class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication 
        { 
                // 根据 HttpContext 的不同，可以为其指定不同的 CacheProvider 
override  string GetOutputCacheProviderName() override  string GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext context) 
                { 
                        // 符合此条件的，则缓存的实现使用自定义的 FileCacheProvider 
                        // 自定义缓存实现见 CachingEnhancement.aspx.cs 
                        // CacheProvider 的配置见 web.config 
                        // 页面的缓存时间见 CachingEnhancement.aspx 
                         if (context.Request.Path.ToLower().EndsWith( "cachingenhancement.aspx")) 
                                return  "FileCache"; 
                         else 
                                return base.GetOutputCacheProviderName(context); 
                } 
        } 
}

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master " AutoEventWireup=" true" 
        CodeBehind= "HtmlEncodedCodeExpressions.aspx.cs"  Inherits= "AspDotNet.HtmlEncodedCodeExpressions" %> 

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "head" runat= "server"> 
</asp:Content> 
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "ContentPlaceHolder1" runat= "server"> 
         
        <%-- 
                新增的一个表达式 <%: expression %> 相当于 <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode(expression) %> 
        --%> 

        <%=  "<strong>strong</strong>" %> 
        <br /> 
        <%:  "<strong>strong</strong>" %> 
        <br /> 
        <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode( "<strong>strong</strong>") %> 

</asp:Content>

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master " AutoEventWireup=" true" 
        CodeBehind= "QueryExtenderDemo.aspx.cs"  Inherits= "AspDotNet.QueryExtenderDemo" %> 

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "head" runat= "server"> 
</asp:Content> 
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "ContentPlaceHolder1" runat= "server"> 
        <asp:GridView ID= "GridView1" runat= "server" AutoGenerateColumns= "False" DataSourceID= "LinqDataSource1"> 
                <Columns> 
                        <asp:BoundField DataField= "ProductId" HeaderText= "ProductId" SortExpression= "ProductId" /> 
                        <asp:BoundField DataField= "ProductName" HeaderText= "ProductName" SortExpression= "ProductName" /> 
                        <asp:BoundField DataField= "ProductPrice" HeaderText= "ProductPrice" SortExpression= "ProductPrice" /> 
                </Columns> 
        </asp:GridView> 
        <asp:LinqDataSource ID= "LinqDataSource1" runat= "server" ContextTypeName= "AspDotNet.QueryExtenderDemo" 
                EntityTypeName= "AspDotNet.Product" TableName= "Data"> 
        </asp:LinqDataSource> 

        <!-- 
                QueryExtender - 和数据源控件结合使用，以对数据源控件中检索到的数据做再次检索 
                        SearchExpression - 根据指定的字段查找指定的数据 
                        RangeExpression - 在指定字段中查找指定范围的数据 
                        PropertyExpression - 查找某字段的值为某指定的值的数据 
                        OrderByExpression - 用于排序数据 
                        CustomExpression - 自定义查询表达式 
        --> 
        <asp:QueryExtender ID= "QueryExtender1" runat= "server" TargetControlID= "LinqDataSource1"> 
                <asp:SearchExpression DataFields= "ProductName" SearchType= "EndsWith"> 
                        <asp:Parameter Type= "String" DefaultValue= "0" /> 
                </asp:SearchExpression> 
        </asp:QueryExtender> 
</asp:Content>

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.UI; 
using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 

namespace AspDotNet 
{ 
         public partial  class QueryExtenderDemo : System.Web.UI.Page 
        { 
void Page_Load() void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 
                { 

                } 

                // 为 GridView 提供数据 
                 public List<Product> Data 
                { 
                         get 
                        { 
                                Random random =  new Random(); 

                                List<Product> products =  new List<Product>(); 
                                 for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) 
                                { 
                                        products.Add( new Product { ProductId = i + 1, ProductName =  "名称" + i.ToString().PadLeft(2,  '0'), ProductPrice = random.NextDouble() }); 
                                } 

                                return products; 
                        } 
                } 

                // 为 GridView 提供数据的实体类 
                 public  class Product 
                { 
                         public int ProductId {  get;  set; } 
                         public  string ProductName {  get;  set; } 
                         public double ProductPrice {  get;  set; } 
                } 
        } 
}

<%@ Page Title= "其它，一笔带过" Language= "C#" MasterPageFile= "~/Site.Master" AutoEventWireup= "true" 
        CodeBehind= "Others.aspx.cs"  Inherits= "AspDotNet.Others" %> 

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "head" runat= "server"> 
        <style> 
                body 
                { 
                        font-size: 12px; 
                } 
                textarea 
                { 
                        width: 99%; 
                } 
        </style> 
</asp:Content> 
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "ContentPlaceHolder1" runat= "server"> 
        <p> 
                1、Permanent Redirect - 可以实现 301 跳转 
                <ul> 
                        <li>Response.RedirectPermanent() - 永久性重定向（http 301）。</li> 
                        <li>Response.Redirect() - 临时性重定向（http 302）。</li> 
                </ul> 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                2、Session 压缩（设置 sessionState 节点的 compressionEnabled 属性） 
                <br /> 
                对于使用进程外会话状态服务器的会话状态提供程序，或者将会话状态保存在 sqlserver 数据库中的会话状态提供程序，现在为提高其效率新增了压缩 Session 数据的功能（使用System.IO.Compression.GZipStream来压缩数据），像如下这样的配置 
                <br /> 
                <textarea rows= "6"> 
                        <sessionState 
                            mode= "SqlServer" 
                            sqlConnectionString= "data source=dbserver;Initial Catalog=aspnetstate" 
                            allowCustomSqlDatabase= "true" 
                            compressionEnabled= "true" 
                        /> 
                </textarea> 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                3、httpRuntime 节点的新增配置 
                <ul> 
                        <li>maxRequestPathLength - url 路径的最大长度（基于NTFS文件路径的最大长度就是 260）</li> 
                        <li>maxQueryStringLength - url 的最大长度</li> 
                        <li>requestPathInvalidChars - 指定 url 路径的无效字符</li> 
                        <li>requestValidationType - 继承 System.Web.Util.RequestValidator 抽象类，重写其 IsValidRequestString() 方法，以实现自定义的请求验证。在 requestValidationType 可以指定使用这个自定义的类</li> 
                        <li>encoderType - 重写 System.Web.Util.HttpEncoder，可以实现自定义的 html编码, url编码, http header编码。在 encoderType 指定这个自定义编码的类后，程序中所用到的 System.Web.HttpUtility 或 System.Web.HttpServerUtility 的相关方法将会使用自定义的编码实现</li> 
                </ul> 
                <br /> 
                <textarea rows= "2"> 
                        <httpRuntime maxRequestPathLength= "260" maxQueryStringLength= "2048" requestPathInvalidChars= "<,>,*,%,&,:,\,?" requestValidationType= "Samples.MyValidator, Samples" encoderType= "Samples.MyEncoder, Samples" /> 
                </textarea> 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                4、compilation 节点新增 targetFramework 属性，用于指定程序运行的目标框架 
                <br /> 
                <textarea> 
                        <compilation targetFramework= "4.0" /> 
                </textarea> 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                5、asp.net 4.0 结合 iis 7.5 可使 web 应用程序自动启动 
                <br /> 
                在 web 程序中实现 System.Web.Hosting.IProcessHostPreloadClient 接口，用于被 iis 启动 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                6、Page 类中新增了两个属性，分别是 MetaDescription 和 MetaKeywords 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                7、以前每个可显示的控件都有 Enabled 属性（如果 Enabled= "false" 则对应的 HTML 为 disabled= "disabled"），但是 HTML 4.01 的标准是只有 input 才能有 disabled 属性 
                <ul> 
                        <li> 
                                在 pages 节点中设置 controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion= "3.5"，则所有可显示控件都会输出 disabled= "disabled" 
                        </li> 
                        <li> 
                                在 pages 节点中设置 controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion= "4.0"，则只有 input 元素才会输出 disabled= "disabled"，非 input 元素将会自动标记一个名为 aspnetdisabled 的 css 类 
                        </li> 
                </ul> 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                8、web form 需要在页面上写入隐藏域（如为了保存 ViewState 的隐藏域），在 asp.net 4.0 中系统将在这类的隐藏域外的 div 上标记一个名为 aspNetHidden 的 css 类，以方便样式控制 
        </p> 
        <p> 
                9、ASP.NET Chart Control - 实例参考 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/mschart 
        </p> 
</asp:Content>