主从架构[一主多从]升级步骤
1. 首先安装最新版本的MySQL mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz
：每台主机分别安装目录：/usr/local/mysql-5.6
yum install libaio-devel
编译参数
/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6/data \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=OFF \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql6.sock \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled \
-DENABLE_DTRACE=OFF
make;make install
软件安装OK
2. 停止其中一个从库：
将原版本中的数据[data]目录[/usr/local/mysql]拷贝到新版本对应的目录下面[/usr/local/mysql-5.6]
cp -r /usr/local/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql-5.6/
3. 变更权限：
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data
4. 变更启动脚本
rm -f /etc/init.d/mysqld
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld-5.5
cp /usr/local/mysql-5.6/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld-5.6
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld-5.*
5.启动新版本实例
注意：配置文件必须配置正确，如果配置了旧的参数，会导致实例无法启动
/etc/init.d/mysqld-5.6 start
然后观察错误文件，会看到如下报错：
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_actors' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'setup_objects' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'table_io_waits_summary_by_table' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'table_lock_waits_summary_by_table' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Column count of mysql.threads is wrong. Expected 14, found 3. Created with MySQL 50518, now running 50626. Please use mysql_upgrade to fix this error.
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_current' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_history' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_history_long' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
2015-08-04 13:16:31 18815 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name' has the wrong structure
6. 运行新版本下的升级脚本进行升级检查，修复mysql库中的主要表
/usr/local/mysql-5.6/bin/mysql_upgrade -u root -proot
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/local/mysql_5.6/bin/mysql
Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/local/mysql-5.6/bin/mysqlcheck
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/tmp/mysql6.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/tmp/mysql6.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql.columns_priv OK
mysql.db OK
mysql.event OK
mysql.func OK
mysql.general_log OK
mysql.help_category OK
mysql.help_keyword OK
mysql.help_relation OK
mysql.help_topic OK
mysql.host OK
mysql.innodb_index_stats OK
mysql.innodb_table_stats OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK
mysql.plugin OK
mysql.proc OK
mysql.procs_priv OK
mysql.proxies_priv OK
mysql.servers OK
mysql.slave_master_info OK
mysql.slave_relay_log_info OK
mysql.slave_worker_info OK
mysql.slow_log OK
mysql.tables_priv OK
mysql.time_zone OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK
mysql.time_zone_name OK
mysql.time_zone_transition OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK
mysql.user OK
Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'...
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/tmp/mysql6.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/tmp/mysql6.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
babysitter.abc OK
babysitter.account_tactics_daily_availability OK
babysitter.andtlhz_new OK
7. 检查完后重启实例
/etc/init.d/mysqld-5.6 restart
配置文件
[client]
#default-character-set = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql6.sock
[mysqld]
#skip-grant-tables
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql6.sock
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql-5.6/data/mysql-upgrade-master.pid
#pid-file = /usr/local/mysql-5.6/data/[主机名].pid
#pid-file = /usr/local/mysql-5.6/data/[主机名].pid
##################
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6/data
server-id = 1
#server-id = 2 #从库1配置
#server-id = 3 #从库2配置
log_slave_updates = 1
log_slave_updates = 0 #从库配置
log-bin = mysql-bin
#log-bin = mysql-bin #从库不需要开启binlog
binlog_format = mixed
binlog_cache_size = 64M
max_binlog_cache_size = 128M
expire_logs_days = 2
max_binlog_size = 1G
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema
query_cache_type =0
key_buffer_size = 384M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2K
thread_concurrency = 32
table_open_cache = 512
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 10M
default-storage-engine = MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 512M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql-5.6/data/slow_query.log
skip-name-resolve
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #新版本关于时间戳的新特性配置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 10M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
safe-updates
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
##################
以上操作顺序为：从1》从2》主
特别注意配置文件的正确性
磁盘空间足够存放两份旧数据的大小
旧数据不动，以防升级失败，可以回退到旧版本
本文转自andylhz 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/andylhz2009/1844007，如需转载请自行联系原作者
