磁盘分区时需要使用以下两命令：
一、查看目前磁盘使用情况
一个已经分好区的磁盘sda和一个未使用的磁盘sdb，
二、创建磁盘分区
以硬盘设备文件名为参数执行fdisk命令，进入到交互式的分区管理界面中，就可以对相应的硬盘进行创建、删除、更改分区等操作
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[root@justin ~]
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9adeb999.
Changes will remain
in
memory only,
until
you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (
command
'c'
) and change display
units
to
sectors (
command
'u'
).
Command (m
for
help):
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在操作界面中的“Command (m for help):”提示符后，用户可以输入特定的分区操作指令，完成各项分区管理任务。例如输入“m”指令后，可以查看各种操作指令的帮助信息。
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Command (m
for
help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system
id
u change display
/entry
units
v
verify the partition table
w write table to disk and
exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m
for
help):
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创建一个新的分区
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Command (m
for
help): n ;创建一个新的分区
Command action
e extended ;扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) ;主分区，主分区最多只能4个
p ;创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 ;指定主分区号
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): ;指定第一个柱面，直接回车使用默认
Using default value 1 ;
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): +3G ;指定分区大小
Command (m
for
help):
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创建好分区后可以通过命令p查看分区情况
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Command (m
for
help): p
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9adeb999
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
1 393 3156741 83 Linux
Command (m
for
help):
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通过以上步骤可以继续创建其他主分区，但主分区最多为4个，
创建逻辑分区
创建扩展分区：
创建逻辑分区前必须创建扩展分区，且此时需要把所有空间分配给扩展分区
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Command (m
for
help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 4
First cylinder (394-1044, default 394):
Using default value 394
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (394-1044, default 1044):
Using default value 1044
Command (m
for
help): p
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9adeb999
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
1 393 3156741 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4
394 1044 5229157+ 5 Extended
Command (m
for
help):
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创建逻辑分区：
扩展分区创建好之后，接着就可以创建逻辑分区。在创建逻辑分区的时候不需要指定分区编号，系统将会自动从5开始顺序编号
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Command (m
for
help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (394-1044, default 394):
Using default value 394
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (394-1044, default 1044): +3G
Command (m
for
help): p
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9adeb999
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
1 393 3156741 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4
394 1044 5229157+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5
394 786 3156741 83 Linux
Command (m
for
help):
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继续创建一个逻辑分区
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Command (m
for
help): p
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9adeb999
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
1 393 3156741 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4
394 1044 5229157+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5
394 786 3156741 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6
787 1044 2072353+ 83 Linux
Command (m
for
help):
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分区创建好需要保存退出（w）或者放弃编辑退出（q）
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Command (m
for
help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-
read
partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@justin ~]
#
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新分区需要重启启动或者执行partprobe命令使其生效
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[root@justin ~]
# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@justin ~]
#
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格式化、挂载分区
创建好的分区需要格式化和挂载才能正常使用
格式化分区
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[root@justin ~]
# mkfs -V -t ext4 -c /dev/sdb1
[root@justin ~]
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
[root@justin ~]
# mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb6
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挂载分区
在安装Linux系统的过程中，自动建立或识别的分区通常会由系统自动完成挂载，如“/”分区、“boot”分区等，对于后来新增加的硬盘分区、优盘、光盘等设备，就必须由管理员手动进行挂载。挂载一个分区时，必须为其指定一个目录作为挂载点，用户通过这个目录就可以访问设备中的文件、目录数据
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[root@justin ~]
# mkdir /mnt/{sdb1,sdb5,sdb6}
[root@justin ~]
# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1
[root@justin ~]
# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/sdb5
[root@justin ~]
# mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/sdb6
[root@justin ~]
# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda2
ext4 9.9G 2.7G 6.7G 29% /
tmpfs tmpfs 504M 0 504M 0%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1
ext4 194M 27M 158M 15%
/boot
/dev/sda5
ext4 7.7G 147M 7.2G 2%
/home
/dev/sdb1
ext4 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3%
/mnt/sdb1
/dev/sdb5
ext4 3.0G 69M 2.8G 3%
/mnt/sdb5
/dev/sdb6
vfat 2.0G 4.0K 2.0G 1%
/mnt/sdb6
[root@justin ~]
# vim /etc/fstab
proc
/proc
proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1
/mnt/sdb1
ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb5
/mnt/sdb5
ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb6
/mnt/sdb6
vfat defaults 0 0
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Tips:如果需要删除已创建好的分区，可以在fdisk命令操作界面中使用“d”指令将指定的分区删除，根据提示输入需要删除的分区序号即可。在删除时建议从最后一个分区开始进行删除，以免fdisk识别的分区序号发生紊乱。另外，如果扩展分区被删除，则扩展分区之下的逻辑分区也将同时被删除
Tips:格式化分区时候出现以下报错，是因为扩展分区不能格式化，需要在创建成逻辑分区
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[root@localhost ~]
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big
for
a
filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)
or lower inode count (-N).
[root@localhost ~]
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
mkfs.ext4: inode_size (128) * inodes_count (0) too big
for
a
filesystem with 0 blocks, specify higher inode_ratio (-i)
or lower inode count (-N).
[root@localhost ~]
#
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大于2T分区创建
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[root@localhost ~]
# fdisk -l
Disk
/dev/sda
: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00047e01
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1
* 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2
26 2115 16777216 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3
2115 13055 87874560 83 Linux
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 2089.1 GB, 2089072092160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 253981 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@localhost ~]
# parted /dev/sdb #parted>select sdb 假设磁盘为sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
Using
/dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type
'help'
to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
#将MBR磁盘格式化为GPT，mklabel msdos 将GPT磁盘转化为MBR磁盘
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 2089GB
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512B
/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary 0 2089GB
#划分一个起始位置为0，全部的2089G的主分区，mkpart primary 0 -1 将整块磁盘分成一个分区
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned
for
best performance.
Ignore
/Cancel
? I
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 2089GB
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512B
/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 2089GB 2089GB primary
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update
/etc/fstab
.
[root@localhost ~]
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3
ext4 83G 3.4G 75G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 72K 3.9G 1%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1
ext4 190M 39M 142M 22%
/boot
[root@localhost ~]
# fdisk -l
Disk
/dev/sda
: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00047e01
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1
* 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2
26 2115 16777216 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3
2115 13055 87874560 83 Linux
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on
'/dev/sdb'
! The util
fdisk
doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk
/dev/sdb
: 2089.1 GB, 2089072092160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors
/track
, 253981 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical
/physical
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I
/O
size (minimum
/optimal
): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1
1 253982 2040109464+ ee GPT
[root@localhost ~]
# mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS
type
: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
127508480 inodes, 510027357 blocks
25501367 blocks (5.00%) reserved
for
the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
15565 block
groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Writing inode tables:
done
Creating journal (32768 blocks):
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3
ext4 83G 3.4G 75G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 72K 3.9G 1%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1
ext4 190M 39M 142M 22%
/boot
[root@localhost opt]
# mkdir /app
[root@localhost opt]
# mount /dev/sdb
sdb sdb1
[root@localhost opt]
# mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/
[root@localhost opt]
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3
ext4 83G 3.4G 75G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 72K 3.9G 1%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1
ext4 190M 39M 142M 22%
/boot
/dev/sdb1
ext4 1.9T 67M 1.8T 1%
/opt
[root@localhost opt]
# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]
# ls
lost+found
[root@localhost opt]
# umount /opt
umount
:
/opt
: device is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by
lsof
(8) or fuser(1))
[root@localhost opt]
# cd ..
[root@localhost /]
# cd ..
[root@localhost /]
# umount /opt
[root@localhost /]
# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]
# ls
rh
[root@localhost opt]
# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /app/
[root@localhost opt]
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3
ext4 83G 3.4G 75G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 72K 3.9G 1%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1
ext4 190M 39M 142M 22%
/boot
/dev/sdb1
ext4 1.9T 67M 1.8T 1%
/app
[root@localhost opt]
# blki
blkid blkiomon
[root@localhost opt]
# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1
: UUID=
"452d68c5-58e3-41aa-979c-2ce38b31050f"
TYPE=
"ext4"
[root@localhost opt]
# cat /etc/fstab
UUID=
"452d68c5-58e3-41aa-979c-2ce38b31050f"
/app
ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost opt]
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3
ext4 83G 3.5G 75G 5% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 72K 3.9G 1%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1
ext4 190M 39M 142M 22%
/boot
/dev/sdb1
ext4 1.9T 67M 1.8T 1%
/app
[root@localhost opt]
#
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本文转自 justin_peng 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/ityunwei2017/1322202，如需转载请自行联系原作者
