最近有个朋友问我zabbix报警怎么做比较简单，灵活，方便。
其实目前zabbix的报警无怪乎下面几种方法：
1.通过action直接调用sendmail一类的脚本，传入zabbix的宏变量，优点：配置比较简单，缺点：缺乏灵活性。
2.通过action调用脚本，传入宏变量，并通过脚本来做后续的处理，这个方法比较简单也比较灵活，大部分情况下都适用。
3.抓取zabbix 数据库里面的报警信息并做报警处理，比如可以通过下面的sql抓取一段时间范围内的报警信息：
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select
s.host,h.ip,i.key_,a.subject,a.message,t.priority,a.clock
from
alerts a,events e,
triggers t,functions f,items i,interface h,hosts s
where
a.eventid=e.eventid
and
e.objectid=t.triggerid
and
t.triggerid=f.triggerid
and
i.itemid=f.itemid
and
i.hostid=h.hostid
and
e.object=
'0'
and
e.source=
'0'
and
s.hostid=i.hostid
and
a.clock >
'xxxx'
|
这里简单说下第二种方法（对于第二种方法有比较多的扩展，比如通过脚本把消息发送至消息队列中，然后由后端的报警程序消费，后端的报警程序可以做一些扩展的功能，比如结合cmdb来获取业务负责人，机器的维护状态等，这个涉及到一定的开发量，我们这里说下简单的方法）：
简单说下想要实现的目标
1）发送的邮件可以做一些基本的判断（比如获取内存使用，cpu使用，服务器负载等），并增加历史的图形展示
2）根据主机名，item名来判断收件人（属于谁的发送给谁,sample的脚本没有写这个功能）
首先，在action里面的operations设置如下：
注意target list/type,execute on项，以及脚本的参数（注意双引号）
创建报警脚本（写得比较挫，见谅）：
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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
#zabbix remote command
import
time,datetime
import
re,os
import
sys
import
zabbix_sendmail
from
zabbix_sendmail
import
SendmailError
import
subprocess
import
logging
from
logging.handlers
import
RotatingFileHandler
reload
(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding(
'utf-8'
)
LOGFILE
=
"/apps/svr/zabbix_server/scripts/logs/out.log"
MAXLOGSIZE
=
100
*
1024
*
1024
BACKUPCOUNT
=
4
log
=
logging.getLogger(
'zabbix_exec_command'
)
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
formatter
=
logging.Formatter(
'%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s'
)
fh
=
RotatingFileHandler(LOGFILE,maxBytes
=
MAXLOGSIZE,backupCount
=
BACKUPCOUNT)
ch
=
logging.StreamHandler()
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
log.addHandler(fh)
log.addHandler(ch)
def
get_2hour_ago():
a
=
os.popen(
"date +%Y%m%d%H -d '2 hours ago'"
).readlines()[
0
]
b
=
a.strip()
return
b
def
run_command(ip,command):
cmd
=
"zabbix_get -s "
+
ip
+
" -k 'system.run[\""
+
command
+
"\"]'"
return
os.popen(cmd).readlines()
mailcontent
=
""
if
__name__
=
=
"__main__"
:
to_list
=
[]
to_mobile
=
[]
if
len
(sys.argv) !
=
8
:
print
"show usage: %s serverip itemid itemname hostname itemkey itemvalue triggerstatus"
%
(sys.argv[
0
])
sys.exit(
1
)
mailcontent
=
"""
<html>
<body>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html";charset=utf-8>
<title>大数据监控邮件</title>
<style type="text/css">
.body { font-size: 14px; color: #333;background-color: #fff;}
.divtd {color:#E28E40;}
</style>
"""
ip,itemid,itemname,hostname
=
sys.argv[
1
],sys.argv[
2
],sys.argv[
3
],sys.argv[
4
]
itemkey,itemvalue,triggerstatus
=
str
(sys.argv[
5
]).replace(
" "
,"
"),str(sys.argv[6]).replace("
","
"),sys.argv[
7
]
log.info(
"报警信息：IP:%s,监控项:%s,主机名:%s,监控key:%s"
%
(ip,itemname,hostname,itemkey))
time_start
=
get_2hour_ago()
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'> 监控项:%s , 主机名:%s ,IP:%s ,当前值: %s </div><br />"
%
(itemname,hostname,ip,itemvalue)
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'>内存信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for
line
in
run_command(ip,
"free -m"
):
line
=
line.strip()
mailcontent
+
=
"%s<br />"
%
line
mailcontent
+
=
"<br /></div>"
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'>IO信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for
line
in
run_command(ip,
"iostat -xn 1 1"
):
line
=
line.strip()
mailcontent
+
=
"%s<br />"
%
line
mailcontent
+
=
"<br /></div>"
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'>负载信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for
line
in
run_command(ip,
"sar -q 1 3"
):
line
=
line.strip()
mailcontent
+
=
"%s<br />"
%
line
mailcontent
+
=
"<br /></div>"
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'>CPU信息:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for
line
in
run_command(ip,
"mpstat -P ALL"
):
line
=
line.strip()
mailcontent
+
=
"%s<br />"
%
line
mailcontent
+
=
"<br /></div>"
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'>系统日志:</div> <div class='.body'>"
for
line
in
run_command(ip,
"/usr/bin/sudo tail -20 /var/log/messages"
):
line
=
line.strip()
mailcontent
+
=
"%s<br />"
%
line
mailcontent
+
=
"<br /></div>"
to_list
=
[
"xxxx"
]
mailcontent
+
=
"<div class='divtd'>历史数据:</div> <div class='.body'>"
mailcontent
+
=
"<table style='border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%;'>"
mailcontent
+
=
"""<tr><img src=http://xxxxxx/chart.php?itemid=%s&period=7200&stime=%s width="871" height="305"/>"""
%
(itemid,time_start)
mailcontent
+
=
"</tr> </table>"
mailcontent
+
=
"""</html>
</body>"""
print
mailcontent
log.debug(
"监控邮件内容:%s"
%
mailcontent)
log.info(
"邮件收件人:%s,短信收件人列表：%s"
%
(to_list,to_mobile))
mail_sub
=
"Zabbix监控报警|当前状态：%s,监控项：%s,监控主机:%s "
%
(triggerstatus,itemname,hostname)
log.info(
"开始发送邮件，邮件主题:%s"
%
mail_sub)
try
:
zabbix_sendmail.send_mail_withoutSSL(to_list,mail_sub,mailcontent)
log.info(
"报警邮件发送成功"
)
except
SendmailError,e:
log.error(
"报警邮件发送失败，失败信息：%s"
%
(
str
(e)))
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其中zabbix_sendmail的内容如下：
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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
#to send zabbix alert mail
import
smtplib
from
email.mime.text
import
MIMEText
import
traceback
import
exceptions
import
sys
reload
(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding(
'utf-8'
)
mail_host
=
"xxxxx"
mail_user
=
"xxxx"
mail_pass
=
"xxxx"
mail_address
=
"xxx"
mail_postfix
=
"xxxx"
mail_port
=
"xxx"
class
SendmailError(Exception):
def
__init__(
self
, errorlog):
self
.errorlog
=
errorlog
def
__str__(
self
):
return
"发送邮件错误,错误信息： %s"
%
(
self
.errorlog)
def
send_mail_withoutSSL(to_list,sub,content):
me
=
"BI Monitor"
+
"<"
+
mail_user
+
"@"
+
mail_postfix
+
">"
msg
=
MIMEText(content,
'html'
,
'utf8'
)
msg[
'Subject'
]
=
sub
msg[
'From'
]
=
me
msg[
'To'
]
=
";"
.join(to_list)
try
:
s
=
smtplib.SMTP()
s.connect(mail_host)
s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
s.close()
return
True
except
Exception, e:
raise
SendmailError(
str
(e))
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发送的报警邮件如下
关于报警问题的debug:
1.看看trigger有没有正常触发（dashboard上有没有对应的action）
2.发送报警的命令运行是否正常（手动验证）
3.结合server的日志和zabbix的数据库debug(比较常用的是alerts表)
本文转自菜菜光 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/caiguangguang/1427504，如需转载请自行联系原作者
