说明：
1.前面博客已经介绍过gzip压缩方法，备份正常，但后来测试恢复的时候，发现命中bug，报错如下：
InnoDB: Page [page id: space=9494, page number=27743946] log sequence number 2332453520996 is in the future! Current system log sequence number 2332453312855.
InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html for information about forcing recovery.
InnoDB: Page [page id: space=9494, page number=27735123] log sequence number 2332456427612 is in the future! Current system log sequence number 2332453312855.
InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html for information about forcing recovery.
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 513900963, file name mysql-bin.000436
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Starting in background the rollback of uncommitted transactions
InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 661140886, 1 rows to undo
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: Rollback of trx with id 661140886 completed
InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 661140885, 1 rows to undo
InnoDB: Rollback of trx with id 661140885 completed
InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 661140884, 1 rows to undo
InnoDB: Rollback of trx with id 661140884 completed
InnoDB: Rollback of non-prepared transactions completed
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 5.7.10 started; log sequence number 2332453312097
InnoDB: page_cleaner: 1000ms intended loop took 341221ms. The settings might not be optimal. (flushed=0 and evicted=0, during the time.)
InnoDB: not started
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 513900963, file name mysql-bin.000436
xtrabackup: error: The transaction log file is corrupted.
xtrabackup: error: The log was not applied to the intended LSN!
2.本文采用了qpress的压缩方式，这样就不会报上面的错误，而且是并发备份，速度比原来要快5倍，压缩比率比gzip稍微低一些，gzip约为117/775,qpress 约为157/775
一、备份机制
一周全备份一次
每天做一次增备（全备份当天除外）
二、备份
2.1全备：
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=10G --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --stream=xbstream /mysql/full --extra-lsndir=/tmp > /mysql/full/backup.xbstream
若需要传到其他主机，可使用下述命令：
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=10G --user=root --password=123--compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --stream=xbstream /mysql/full --extra-lsndir=/tmp |ssh root@192.168.1.194" xbstream -x -C /mysql/full"
2.2增量备份：--必须是在全备的基础上进行
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=10G --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --stream=xbstream --incremental --incremental-basedir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=/tmp /mysql/incre1> /mysql/incre1/backup_incre1.xbstream
三、备份恢复举例
当前环境：
mysql> use testdb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+---------------------+
| fq_1 |
| milestat |
| miletest |
| runningrecord |
| runningrecordlatest |
| t1 |
| t2 |
| t3 |
| t4 |
| t_timetest |
| testrun |
| testrun2 |
| v_1 |
+---------------------+
13 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
1）全备：--并发数可自定义
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=500m --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=2 --parallel=2 --stream=xbstream /mysql/full --extra-lsndir=/tmp > /mysql/full/backup.xbstream
[root@kafka1 full]# ll
总用量 9492
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9716168 5月 3 11:55 backup.xbstream
[root@kafka1 full]# cat /tmp/xtrabackup_checkpoints --记录位置点的文件
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0 --开始点
to_lsn = 50779787 --结束点
last_lsn = 50779796
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@kafka1 full]#
说明：因为全备要拷贝走，因此需要额外的一份lsn保留下来，以便下次读取位置做增备
2）做一些操作：
mysql> insert into t1 values (5),(6),(7),(8);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.33 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table t4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
3）第一次增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=400m --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=2 --parallel=2 --stream=xbstream --incremental --incremental-basedir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=/tmp /mysql/incre1> /mysql/incre1/backup_incre1.xbstream
说明：
--incremental-basedir 指向的是上一次备份的lsn所在目录；
--extra-lsndir 指向的是这一次备份的额外xtrabackup_checkpoints的存放目录；
/mysql/incre1 指向的是这次备份的存放目录。
[root@kafka1 incre1]# ll
总用量 488
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496194 5月 3 12:03 backup_incre1.xbstream
[root@kafka1 tmp]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints --名字跟之前一个相同，内容覆盖了
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 50779787 --开始点（上一次的结束点）
to_lsn = 50804287 --结束点
last_lsn = 50804296
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
4）再做一些操作
mysql> truncate table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
5）第二次增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=400m --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=2 --parallel=2 --stream=xbstream --incremental --incremental-basedir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=/tmp /mysql/incre2> /mysql/incre2/backup_incre2.xbstream
[root@kafka1 mysql]# cd incre2
[root@kafka1 incre2]# ll
总用量 456
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465003 5月 3 13:38 backup_incre2.xbstream
[root@kafka1 incre2]# cat /tmp/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 50804287 --开始点
to_lsn = 50811553 --结束点
last_lsn = 50811562
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@kafka1 incre2]# cd /mysql
[root@kafka1 mysql]# du -sh *
9.3M full
488K incre1
456K incre2
[root@kafka1 mysql]# ll
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 28 5月 3 11:55 full
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 35 5月 3 12:02 incre1
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 35 5月 3 13:38 incre2
6）模拟灾难
磁盘故障，整个数据丢失，在新机器上装好mysql后（目录相同，进行初始化）
[root@kafka1 incre1]# service mysql57 stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@kafka1 incre1]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@kafka1 mysql]# ll
总用量 304
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 17987 11月 30 03:16 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x. 7 mysql mysql 4096 5月 3 13:43 data
drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 4月 11 14:26 data_old
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 52 11月 30 03:54 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 include
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 108090 11月 30 03:26 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 28 11月 30 03:54 man
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 141349 5月 3 13:43 mysqlerr.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2478 11月 30 03:16 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 support-files
[root@kafka1 mysql]# mv data data_bak ---整个data目录移走
[root@kafka1 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@kafka1 mysql]# chown mysql:mysql data --新建一个空的，准备恢复
7）解压全备包
[root@kafka1 full]# xbstream -x <backup.xbstream -C /tmp/test
[root@kafka1 full]# cd /tmp/test
[root@kafka1 test]# ll
总用量 3568
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 407 5月 3 14:58 backup-my.cnf.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 308 5月 3 14:58 ib_buffer_pool.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 3594072 5月 3 14:58 ibdata1.qp
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:58 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 14:58 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:58 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 14:58 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:58 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 115 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 540 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_info.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 369 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_logfile.qp
8）解压增量包
[root@kafka1 incre1]# xbstream -x <backup_incre1.xbstream
[root@kafka1 incre1]# ll
total 640
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496194 May 3 12:03 backup_incre1.xbstream
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 407 May 3 15:02 backup-my.cnf.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 308 May 3 15:02 ib_buffer_pool.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 79915 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.delta.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 565 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_info.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 329 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_logfile.qp
[root@kafka1 incre2]# xbstream -x <backup_incre2.xbstream
[root@kafka1 incre2]# ll
total 584
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465003 May 3 13:38 backup_incre2.xbstream
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 407 May 3 15:02 backup-my.cnf.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 308 May 3 15:02 ib_buffer_pool.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 56172 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.delta.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 567 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_info.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 400 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_logfile.qp
9）解压所有qp文件
9.1 安装
tar –xvf qpress-11-linux-x64.tar
cp qpress /usr/bin
chmod 777 qpress
9.2解压全备
[root@kafka1 test]# for f in `find ./ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT2 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done
[root@kafka1 test]# ll
总用量 77880
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 412 5月 3 15:14 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 300 5月 3 15:14 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79691776 5月 3 15:14 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:14 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:14 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:14 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:14 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:14 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 115 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 563 5月 3 15:14 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 5月 3 15:14 xtrabackup_logfile
9.3解压增备1
[root@kafka1 incre1]# for f in `find ./ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT2 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done
[root@kafka1 incre1]# ll
总用量 1220
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496194 5月 3 12:03 backup_incre1.xbstream
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 412 5月 3 15:26 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 300 5月 3 15:26 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 671744 5月 3 15:26 ibdata1.delta
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 5月 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:26 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:26 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:26 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:26 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:26 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 5月 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 5月 3 15:26 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 5月 3 15:26 xtrabackup_logfile
9.4解压增备2
[root@kafka1 incre2]# for f in `find ./ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT2 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done
[root@kafka1 incre2]# ll
总用量 1072
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465003 5月 3 13:38 backup_incre2.xbstream
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 412 5月 3 15:10 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 300 5月 3 15:10 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 557056 5月 3 15:10 ibdata1.delta
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 5月 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:10 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:10 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:10 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:10 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:10 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 5月 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 613 5月 3 15:10 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 5月 3 15:10 xtrabackup_logfile
10）应用所有日志
10.1 应用全备日志
innobackupex --use-memory=400m --apply-log --redo-only /tmp/test
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 50779805
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
160503 15:23:35 completed OK!
10.2 应用增备日志1
innobackupex --use-memory=400m --apply-log --redo-only /tmp/test
--incremental-dir=/mysql/incre1
………………
160503 15:27:41 [01] Copying /mysql/incre1/performance_schema/db.opt to ./performance_schema/db.opt
160503 15:27:41 [01] ...done
160503 15:27:41 [01] Copying /mysql/incre1/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
160503 15:27:41 [01] ...done
160503 15:27:41 [00] Copying /mysql/incre1/xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
160503 15:27:41 [00] ...done
160503 15:27:41 completed OK!
10.3 应用增备日志2
innobackupex --use-memory=400m --apply-log /tmp/test
--incremental-dir=/mysql/incre2
说明：其实就是将增备1和增备2中的所有操作日志应用到全备目录，那么此时的全备目录就是增备2的最新数据，直接使用这个全备目录还原即可。
最后一次的增备不带redo-only参数
11)将数据目录拷贝回data
11.1 可使用copy-back
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user='root' --password='root' --copy-back /tmp/test
11.2 也可直接修改名称，mv过去
[root@kafka1 mysql]# cd /tmp/test
[root@kafka1 test]# cp -r * ../data/
[root@kafka1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
12）启动mysql
[root@kafka1 mysql]# service mysql57 start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@kafka1 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.10 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sakila |
| sys |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.08 sec)
mysql> use testdb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+---------------------+
| fq_1 |
| milestat |
| miletest |
| runningrecord |
| runningrecordlatest |
| t1 |
| t2 |
| t3 |
| t_timetest |
| testrun |
| testrun2 |
| v_1 |
+---------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
验证可发现，所有备份的操作都在，恢复成功！
13）利用binlog恢复到当天最新数据（由于我测试环境没开binlog，因此后续没测试）
--获取最后一次增量的log position
cd /mysql/incre2
more xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql-binlog.000453 774
--使用start-position 和stop-datetime 将日志追加到最新
mysqlbinlog /mysql/mysql-binlog/mysql-binlog.000453
--start-position=774 --stop-datetime="2016-05-03 10:00:00" \
> |mysql -uroot -proot –P2021
1.前面博客已经介绍过gzip压缩方法，备份正常，但后来测试恢复的时候，发现命中bug，报错如下：
InnoDB: Page [page id: space=9494, page number=27743946] log sequence number 2332453520996 is in the future! Current system log sequence number 2332453312855.
InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html for information about forcing recovery.
InnoDB: Page [page id: space=9494, page number=27735123] log sequence number 2332456427612 is in the future! Current system log sequence number 2332453312855.
InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html for information about forcing recovery.
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 513900963, file name mysql-bin.000436
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Starting in background the rollback of uncommitted transactions
InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 661140886, 1 rows to undo
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: Rollback of trx with id 661140886 completed
InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 661140885, 1 rows to undo
InnoDB: Rollback of trx with id 661140885 completed
InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 661140884, 1 rows to undo
InnoDB: Rollback of trx with id 661140884 completed
InnoDB: Rollback of non-prepared transactions completed
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 5.7.10 started; log sequence number 2332453312097
InnoDB: page_cleaner: 1000ms intended loop took 341221ms. The settings might not be optimal. (flushed=0 and evicted=0, during the time.)
InnoDB: not started
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 513900963, file name mysql-bin.000436
xtrabackup: error: The transaction log file is corrupted.
xtrabackup: error: The log was not applied to the intended LSN!
2.本文采用了qpress的压缩方式，这样就不会报上面的错误，而且是并发备份，速度比原来要快5倍，压缩比率比gzip稍微低一些，gzip约为117/775,qpress 约为157/775
一、备份机制
一周全备份一次
每天做一次增备（全备份当天除外）
二、备份
2.1全备：
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=10G --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --stream=xbstream /mysql/full --extra-lsndir=/tmp > /mysql/full/backup.xbstream
若需要传到其他主机，可使用下述命令：
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=10G --user=root --password=123--compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --stream=xbstream /mysql/full --extra-lsndir=/tmp |ssh root@192.168.1.194" xbstream -x -C /mysql/full"
2.2增量备份：--必须是在全备的基础上进行
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=10G --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --stream=xbstream --incremental --incremental-basedir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=/tmp /mysql/incre1> /mysql/incre1/backup_incre1.xbstream
三、备份恢复举例
当前环境：
mysql> use testdb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+---------------------+
| fq_1 |
| milestat |
| miletest |
| runningrecord |
| runningrecordlatest |
| t1 |
| t2 |
| t3 |
| t4 |
| t_timetest |
| testrun |
| testrun2 |
| v_1 |
+---------------------+
13 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
1）全备：--并发数可自定义
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=500m --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=2 --parallel=2 --stream=xbstream /mysql/full --extra-lsndir=/tmp > /mysql/full/backup.xbstream
[root@kafka1 full]# ll
总用量 9492
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9716168 5月 3 11:55 backup.xbstream
[root@kafka1 full]# cat /tmp/xtrabackup_checkpoints --记录位置点的文件
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0 --开始点
to_lsn = 50779787 --结束点
last_lsn = 50779796
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@kafka1 full]#
说明：因为全备要拷贝走，因此需要额外的一份lsn保留下来，以便下次读取位置做增备
2）做一些操作：
mysql> insert into t1 values (5),(6),(7),(8);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.33 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table t4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
3）第一次增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=400m --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=2 --parallel=2 --stream=xbstream --incremental --incremental-basedir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=/tmp /mysql/incre1> /mysql/incre1/backup_incre1.xbstream
说明：
--incremental-basedir 指向的是上一次备份的lsn所在目录；
--extra-lsndir 指向的是这一次备份的额外xtrabackup_checkpoints的存放目录；
/mysql/incre1 指向的是这次备份的存放目录。
[root@kafka1 incre1]# ll
总用量 488
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496194 5月 3 12:03 backup_incre1.xbstream
[root@kafka1 tmp]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints --名字跟之前一个相同，内容覆盖了
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 50779787 --开始点（上一次的结束点）
to_lsn = 50804287 --结束点
last_lsn = 50804296
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
4）再做一些操作
mysql> truncate table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
5）第二次增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --use-memory=400m --user=root --password=123 --compress --compress-threads=2 --parallel=2 --stream=xbstream --incremental --incremental-basedir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=/tmp /mysql/incre2> /mysql/incre2/backup_incre2.xbstream
[root@kafka1 mysql]# cd incre2
[root@kafka1 incre2]# ll
总用量 456
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465003 5月 3 13:38 backup_incre2.xbstream
[root@kafka1 incre2]# cat /tmp/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 50804287 --开始点
to_lsn = 50811553 --结束点
last_lsn = 50811562
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@kafka1 incre2]# cd /mysql
[root@kafka1 mysql]# du -sh *
9.3M full
488K incre1
456K incre2
[root@kafka1 mysql]# ll
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 28 5月 3 11:55 full
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 35 5月 3 12:02 incre1
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 35 5月 3 13:38 incre2
6）模拟灾难
磁盘故障，整个数据丢失，在新机器上装好mysql后（目录相同，进行初始化）
[root@kafka1 incre1]# service mysql57 stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@kafka1 incre1]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@kafka1 mysql]# ll
总用量 304
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 17987 11月 30 03:16 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x. 7 mysql mysql 4096 5月 3 13:43 data
drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 4月 11 14:26 data_old
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 52 11月 30 03:54 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 include
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 108090 11月 30 03:26 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 28 11月 30 03:54 man
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 141349 5月 3 13:43 mysqlerr.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2478 11月 30 03:16 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 30 03:54 support-files
[root@kafka1 mysql]# mv data data_bak ---整个data目录移走
[root@kafka1 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@kafka1 mysql]# chown mysql:mysql data --新建一个空的，准备恢复
7）解压全备包
[root@kafka1 full]# xbstream -x <backup.xbstream -C /tmp/test
[root@kafka1 full]# cd /tmp/test
[root@kafka1 test]# ll
总用量 3568
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 407 5月 3 14:58 backup-my.cnf.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 308 5月 3 14:58 ib_buffer_pool.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 3594072 5月 3 14:58 ibdata1.qp
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:58 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 14:58 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:58 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 14:58 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 14:58 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 115 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 540 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_info.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 369 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_logfile.qp
8）解压增量包
[root@kafka1 incre1]# xbstream -x <backup_incre1.xbstream
[root@kafka1 incre1]# ll
total 640
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496194 May 3 12:03 backup_incre1.xbstream
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 407 May 3 15:02 backup-my.cnf.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 308 May 3 15:02 ib_buffer_pool.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 79915 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.delta.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 565 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_info.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 329 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_logfile.qp
[root@kafka1 incre2]# xbstream -x <backup_incre2.xbstream
[root@kafka1 incre2]# ll
total 584
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465003 May 3 13:38 backup_incre2.xbstream
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 407 May 3 15:02 backup-my.cnf.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 308 May 3 15:02 ib_buffer_pool.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 56172 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.delta.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 May 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 May 3 15:02 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 3 15:02 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 567 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_info.qp
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 400 May 3 15:02 xtrabackup_logfile.qp
9）解压所有qp文件
9.1 安装
tar –xvf qpress-11-linux-x64.tar
cp qpress /usr/bin
chmod 777 qpress
9.2解压全备
[root@kafka1 test]# for f in `find ./ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT2 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done
[root@kafka1 test]# ll
总用量 77880
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 412 5月 3 15:14 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 300 5月 3 15:14 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79691776 5月 3 15:14 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:14 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:14 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:14 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:14 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:14 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 115 5月 3 14:58 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 563 5月 3 15:14 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 5月 3 15:14 xtrabackup_logfile
9.3解压增备1
[root@kafka1 incre1]# for f in `find ./ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT2 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done
[root@kafka1 incre1]# ll
总用量 1220
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 496194 5月 3 12:03 backup_incre1.xbstream
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 412 5月 3 15:26 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 300 5月 3 15:26 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 671744 5月 3 15:26 ibdata1.delta
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 5月 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:26 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:26 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:26 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:26 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:26 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 5月 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 5月 3 15:26 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 5月 3 15:26 xtrabackup_logfile
9.4解压增备2
[root@kafka1 incre2]# for f in `find ./ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT2 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done
[root@kafka1 incre2]# ll
总用量 1072
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 465003 5月 3 13:38 backup_incre2.xbstream
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 412 5月 3 15:10 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 300 5月 3 15:10 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 557056 5月 3 15:10 ibdata1.delta
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 44 5月 3 15:02 ibdata1.meta
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:10 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:10 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:10 sakila
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 8192 5月 3 15:10 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 5月 3 15:10 testdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 120 5月 3 15:02 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 613 5月 3 15:10 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2560 5月 3 15:10 xtrabackup_logfile
10）应用所有日志
10.1 应用全备日志
innobackupex --use-memory=400m --apply-log --redo-only /tmp/test
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 50779805
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
160503 15:23:35 completed OK!
10.2 应用增备日志1
innobackupex --use-memory=400m --apply-log --redo-only /tmp/test
--incremental-dir=/mysql/incre1
………………
160503 15:27:41 [01] Copying /mysql/incre1/performance_schema/db.opt to ./performance_schema/db.opt
160503 15:27:41 [01] ...done
160503 15:27:41 [01] Copying /mysql/incre1/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
160503 15:27:41 [01] ...done
160503 15:27:41 [00] Copying /mysql/incre1/xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
160503 15:27:41 [00] ...done
160503 15:27:41 completed OK!
10.3 应用增备日志2
innobackupex --use-memory=400m --apply-log /tmp/test
--incremental-dir=/mysql/incre2
说明：其实就是将增备1和增备2中的所有操作日志应用到全备目录，那么此时的全备目录就是增备2的最新数据，直接使用这个全备目录还原即可。
最后一次的增备不带redo-only参数
11)将数据目录拷贝回data
11.1 可使用copy-back
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user='root' --password='root' --copy-back /tmp/test
11.2 也可直接修改名称，mv过去
[root@kafka1 mysql]# cd /tmp/test
[root@kafka1 test]# cp -r * ../data/
[root@kafka1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
12）启动mysql
[root@kafka1 mysql]# service mysql57 start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@kafka1 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.10 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sakila |
| sys |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.08 sec)
mysql> use testdb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+---------------------+
| fq_1 |
| milestat |
| miletest |
| runningrecord |
| runningrecordlatest |
| t1 |
| t2 |
| t3 |
| t_timetest |
| testrun |
| testrun2 |
| v_1 |
+---------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
验证可发现，所有备份的操作都在，恢复成功！
13）利用binlog恢复到当天最新数据（由于我测试环境没开binlog，因此后续没测试）
--获取最后一次增量的log position
cd /mysql/incre2
more xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql-binlog.000453 774
--使用start-position 和stop-datetime 将日志追加到最新
mysqlbinlog /mysql/mysql-binlog/mysql-binlog.000453
--start-position=774 --stop-datetime="2016-05-03 10:00:00" \
> |mysql -uroot -proot –P2021
