一、备份
1、数据备份（主库上执行）
rman>backup full database format '/u01/rmanbak/port_full_backup%U.bk';
2、数据库软件备份（主库上执行）
$ cd /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/
$ tar cvf /u01/oraclehomebak/product.tar db_1
3、数据库参数备份（主库上执行）
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
sql>create pfile='/home/oracle/initport1.ora' from spfile;
二、主库实施（阶段一）
1、参数修改
ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=port scope=spfile;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(port,standby)' scope=both;
--主库归档目的地
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=port' scope=both;
--当该库充当主库角色时，设置物理备库redo data的传输目的地
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby' scope=spfile;
--许redo传输服务传输数据到目的地，默认是enable
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;
--exclusive or shared，所有库sys密码要一致，默认是exclusive
ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;
--
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4 scope=spfile;
--配置网络服务名，fal_server拷贝丢失的归档文件到这里
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT=port SCOPE=SPFILE;
--配置网络服务名，假如转换为备库角色时，从这里获取丢失的归档文件
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER=STANDBY SCOPE=SPFILE;
--auto后当主库的datafiles增删时备库也同样自动操作，且会把日志传送到备库standby_archive_dest参数指定的目录下，
--确保该目录存在，如果你的存储采用文件系统没有问题，但是如果采用了裸设备，你就必须将该参数设置为manual
ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO SCOPE=SPFILE;--前为切换后的主库路径，后为切换后的备库路径，如果主备库目录结构完全一样，则无需设定
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/oracle/oradata/port/','/u01/oracle/oradata/port/' SCOPE=SPFILE;
--同上，这两个名字转换参数是主备库的路径映射关系，可能会是路径全名，看情况而定
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u01/oracle/oradata/port/','/u01/oracle/oradata/port/' SCOPE=SPFILE;
--一般和LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的位置一样，如果备库采用ARCH传输方式，那么主库会把归档日志传到该目录下
ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/home/oracle/archivelog/' scope=spfile;
2、重启主库
shutdown immediate;
startup;
3、主库的tnsnames.ora添加内容
STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =172.16.3.56)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standby)
))
4、备份数据库
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/rmanbak/forstandby/%U' connect sys/password@port;
backup database;
backup archivelog all;
}
5、生成备库控制文件
方法一：
SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/rmanbak/forstandby/ctl/controlfile.ctl';
方法二：
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/rmanbak/forstandby/ctl/CON_%U';
backup current controlfile for standby;
}
6、如果主库没有密码文件则建立密码文件，从而可以OS验证的方式登陆
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=iamwangnc entries=5
三、备库实施（阶段一）
1、获取主库的密码文件
方法一：FTP
cd /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
ftp 172.16.3.46
cd /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
bin
get orapwport
方法二：SCP
-bash-3.2$ scp -r root@172.16.3.46:/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwport /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwport
root@172.16.3.46's password:orapwport 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00 -bash-3.2$
orapwd file=orapwport password=oracle entries=5(未执行)
2、检查相应目录和权限
/home/oracle/admin
/home/oracle/admin/port
/home/oracle/admin/port/adump
/home/oracle/admin/port/bdump
/home/oracle/admin/port/cdump
/home/oracle/admin/port/udump
3、配置tnsnames.ora和listener.ora
############################################# tnsnames.ora文件
#############################################port =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.3.46)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = port)
(INSTANCE_NAME = port)
)
)
STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =172.16.3.56)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standby)
)
)
##################
listener.ora文件
##################
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = port)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.3.56)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)
4、启动监听
lsnrctl start
5、修改参数文件/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initport.ora
create pfile = '/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initport.ora' from spfile;
*.audit_file_dest='/home/oracle/admin/port/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/port/bdump'
*.core_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/port/cdump'
*.user_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/port/udump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/port/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/port/control02.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/port/control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=32
*.db_name='port'
*.db_unique_name='standby'
*.dispatchers=''
*.fal_client='STANDBY'*.fal_server='port'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(port,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=port lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=port'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/oracle/oradata/port/','/u01/oracle/oradata/port/'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/oracle/oradata/port/','/u01/oracle/oradata/port/'
*.open_cursors=1000
*.pga_aggregate_target=1092957696
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=885
*.sga_max_size=4589934592
*.sga_target=4589934592
*.shared_servers=0
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
6、启动到nomount状体
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initport.ora';
7、从主库拷贝备份到备库上--注意rman备份的文件在主备库主机上目录要一致
scp -r root@172.16.3.46:/u01/rmanbak/forstandby/ /u01/rmanbak/forstandby/
四、主库实施（阶段二）
1、利用auxiliary恢复备库
rman target / auxiliary sys/password@standby
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
RMAN>
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/rmanbak/forstandby/%U' connect sys/password@port;
allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk format '/u01/rmanbak/forstandby/%U';duplicate target database for standby;
}
如果新创建备库的数据库文件路径名称和主库一样，oracle为了避免错误的覆盖，会抛出RMAN-05001错误，
需要先执行如下语句即可成功，不做数据库文件的名称正确性检查
RMAN>duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
2、把备库至于恢复状态(备库)
sqlplus / as sysdba
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
3、在备库添加standby redo log
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE group 4 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/port/redo04.log') SIZE 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE group 5 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/port/redo05.log') SIZE 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE group 6 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/port/redo06.log') SIZE 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE group 7 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/port/redo07.log') SIZE 50M;
standby redolog的组数参考公式：(online redolog组数 + 1) * 数据库线程数；单机线程数为1，RAC一般为2。
standby redolog的组成员数和大小也尽量和online redolog一样。
4、把备库至于恢复状态
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
5、查看备库日志应用状态
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log ;
6、测试方案
建表
create table test as select * from dba_users;
插入数据
insert into test select * from test;
commit;
切换日志
alter system switch logfile;
启动备机到只读模式
recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open;
查看test是否同步
select * from test;
7.回退方案
若在实施过程中出现故障，并会影响到业务的情况，就执行回退机制。具体的操作如下：
去除DataGurd
断开主机传输到DataGuard备机的日志功能
还原force logging模式
停止数据库：
Shutdown immediate
启动数据库到mount状态修改强制日志：
$sqlplus /nolog
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database no force logging;
alter database open;
本文转自zylhsy 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/yunlongzheng/775195，如需转载请自行联系原作者
