实验目的:
理解
OSPF
协议
,
掌握配置
OSPF
协议的配置及验证命令
.
实验拓扑图:
实验内容:
路由器的配置
R1
上的配置
进入全局配置模式
,
同样地粘贴上基本路由命令
Router(config)#enable password cisco
Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#line con 0
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#alias exec a sh ip int bri
Router(config)#alias exec b sh ip route
Router(config)#alias exec c sh ip route rip
Router(config)#alias exec d sh run
设置好名称
,
接口地址
Router(config)#host R1
R1(config)#int e0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shut
查看下各接口配置好了没有
R1(config)#do show ip int brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 172.16.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial1/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
OK,
接下来配置
R2
的
Router(config)#host R2
R2(config)#int s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shut
还有
R3
的配置
Router(config)#host R3
R3(config)#int e0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#int s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.2.2.3 255.255
% Incomplete command.
R3(config-if)#ip add 10.2.2.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#int s1/1
R3(config-if)#no shut
好了
,
下面开始配置
OSPF
了
.
先从
R1
开始
R1(config)#router ospf 100 (
这里的
100
可以任意取值
,
用于在本地区分开来就可以
,
范围是
1~65535)
宣告网络
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
要注意一下这里的掩码用的是子网掩码的反码
,0
即要严格一致
,255
即表示任意
.
接下是
R2
上的
R2(config)#router ospf 101
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
最后是
R3
上的了
R3(config)#router ospf 102
R3(config-router)#network 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
配置好了
OSPF,
相信大跟我一样都很想马上去验证一下
.
好的
从
R1
上去验证先
R1#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 100"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 172.16.1.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.2.2.2 110 00:00:17
192.168.1.1 110 00:00:17
Distance: (default is 110)
这命令是查看启用的路由协议
,
这里可以看到已经启用了
OSPF
协议
.
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O 10.2.2.0 [110/128] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/138] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0
这个不用我介绍大家都知道查看路由表的
,
下面的
O
开头的就是
OSPF
路由了
,
它的管理距离是
110,
记住了
!
R1#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 172.16.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 10.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Ethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 172.16.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 100, Router ID 172.16.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 172.16.1.1, Interface address 172.16.1.1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:09
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
这个用于查看区域号和与此相关的信息
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.2.2
.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 10.1.1.2 Serial1/0
用于查看在每一个接口上的邻居信息
.
还得看下
R2
相关结果
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.16.1.0 [110/74] via 10.1.1.1, 00:03:09, Serial1/1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 10.2.2.3, 00:03:09, Serial1/0
R2#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.2.2.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 101, Router ID 10.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:09
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.1.1
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 101, Router ID 10.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:00
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.1.1
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:35 10.2.2.3 Serial1/0
172.16.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:30 10.1.1.1 Serial1/1
R2#
这里可以看到
R2
的两个相邻的
OSPF
邻居都显示出来了
.
最后来看一下
R3
的
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 172.16.1.0 [110/138] via 10.2.2.2, 00:03:27, Serial1/1
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O 10.1.1.0 [110/128] via 10.2.2.2, 00:03:27, Serial1/1
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R3#show ip ospf interface
Ethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 102, Router ID 192.168.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 192.168.1.1, Interface address 192.168.1.1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:09
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.2.2.3/24, Area 0
Process ID 102, Router ID 192.168.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 10.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
10.2.2
.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:39 10.2.2.2 Serial1/1
好了
,
关于
OSPF
的实验就简单地做到这里
.
这里只有一个区域
ospf 0,
如果要有几个
ospf
区域的话
,
实验就不会这么简单的了
.
注意一下配置
OSPF
时的子网掩码
,
它用的是反码
,
就是用
255.255.255.255
减去子网掩码就可以得出
.
一定要记住
0
是表示跟前面的地址严格一致
,255
即表示任意
.
本文转自 独钩寒江雪 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/bennie/102434，如需转载请自行联系原作者
