详解Struts2的输入校验一-阿里云开发者社区

本文分三个部分：

一.输入校验简介

二.为什么需要输入校验

三.输入校验的方式

四.输入校验实例

一 .输入校验简介：几乎所有的JAVA开发者都会遇到输入校验的问题，输入校验简单的说就是对前台页面文本框中输入的值进行判断，比如用户名、密码不能为空，二次输入密码不正确，输入长度不合格，日期不正确等的验证。比如

reg.jsp 界面：

如果直接点注册，而不输入任何数据的话，则出现下面的错误提示。

如果输入的数据不合法，则出现如下错误提示：

通过上面的两个截图，详细读者已经大概明白的输入校验的作用了。

输入校验的原因：

二.为什么需要输入校验：输入校验直接影响了系统的稳定性。因为不能保证每个用户都按照开发者的意图来输入数据，而往往有些用户喜欢恶意的输入些非法数据来进行测试和破坏，如上图中所示，生日这样的字段，格式虽然正确，但是在逻辑上缺是错误的！所以必须对用户输入的信息进行校验。良好的输入校验，是一个项目的必不可少的环节！

三.输入校验的方式：

1.JavaScript完成客户端校验

2.validate()，validateXxx()方法进行输入校验

3.基于框架的输入校验

4.AJAX输入校验

四.输入校验实例

本文写的是基于框架的输入校验：

①业务控制器Action：UserReg.action

package com.yaxing.register;
import java.util.Date;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserReg extends ActionSupport{
private String username;
private String password1;
private String password2;
private Date birthday;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword1() {
return password1;
}
public void setPassword1(String password1) {
this.password1 = password1;
}
public String getPassword2() {
return password2;
}
public void setPassword2(String password2) {
this.password2 = password2;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String execute() throws Exception{
return SUCCESS;
}
}

这就是一个普通JAVA类(POJO)，execute()方法只是简单的返回一个SUCCESS 字符串。

为了使用Struts2的框架校验规则文件进行输入校验，需要建立一个特定的校验规则文件。此文件是一个xml格式的配置文件。该文件的命名规则为

Action名称-validation.xml 保存在Action实现类相同的目录下面。本文的校验文件就是UserReg-validation.xml

如图所示

校验规则这个使用的是

②字段校验UserReg-validation.xml

非字段校验在后面会有介绍

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
"-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator Config 1.0//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<field name="username">
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">10</param>
<message>用户名长度为${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<message >用户名不能为空！</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="password1">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>错误,密码不能为空！</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>用户密码长度为${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="password2">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>错误,确认密码不能为空！</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>用户密码长度为${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="fieldexpression">
<param name="expression">password1==password2</param>
<message>两次输入密码不一样！</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="birthday">
<field-validator type="date">
<param name="min">1990-01-01</param>
<param name="max">2011-04-14</param>
<message>错误:生日应该在一个范围内！</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>

③JSP视图：reg.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-dojo-tags" prefix="sx"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'reg.jsp' starting page</title>
<s:head/>
<sx:head/>
</head>
<body>
<s:form action="UserReg">
<s:textfield name="username" label="用户名"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="password1" label="密码"></s:password>
<s:password name="password2" label="确认密码"></s:password>
<sx:datetimepicker name="birthday" label="生日:" displayFormat="yyyy-MM-dd"></sx:datetimepicker>
<s:submit value="注册"/>
<s:reset value="重置"></s:reset>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>

④reg_success.jsp成功页面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>注册成功</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
欢迎<s:property value="username"/>，注册成功！
<h1><s:text name="username" ></s:text></h1>
<h1><s:text name="password1"></s:text></h1>
<h1><s:text name="password2"></s:text></h1>
<h1><s:text name="birthday"></s:text></h1>
</body>
</html>

⑤struts.xml 配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="test" extends="struts-default">
<action name="UserReg" class="com.yaxing.register.UserReg" method="execute">
<result name="success">/reg_success.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/reg.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>

说下字段校验和非字段校验的区别：作用一样，配置风格不一样而已。

字段校验文件格式：

<validators>
<field name="校验字段名称">
<field-validator type="校验类型">
<param name="参数1">参数值1</param>
<param name="参数2">参数值2</param>
..........
<message>校验失败后的错误信息</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="校验类型">
........
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>

非字段校验文件：

<validators>
<validator type="校验类型">
<param name="fieldName">字段名称</param>
<param name="参数1">参数1</param>
<param name="参数2">参数2</param>
.............
<message >校验异常信息message>
</validator>
............
</validators>

非字段校验配置：UserReg-validation.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
"-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator Config 1.0//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<validator type="stringlength">
<param name="fieldName">username</param>
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">10</param>
<message>用户名长度为${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="fieldName">username</param>
<message >用户名不能为空！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="fieldName">password1</param>
<message>错误,密码不能为空！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="stringlength">
<param name="fieldName">password1</param>
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>用户密码长度为${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="fieldName">password2</param>
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>错误,确认密码不能为空！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="stringlength">
<param name="fieldName">password2</param>
<param name="minLength">4</param>
<param name="maxLength">20</param>
<message>用户密码长度为${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="fieldexpression">
<param name="fieldName">password1</param>
<param name="fieldName">password2</param>
<param name="expression">password1==password2</param>
<message>两次输入密码不一样！</message>
</validator>
<validator type="date">
<param name="fieldName">birthday</param>
<param name="min">1990-01-01</param>
<param name="max">2011-04-14</param>
<message>错误:生日应该在一个范围内！</message>
</validator>
</validators>

其他均不用修改，运行结果与前面相同！

上面配置文件中的type 即校验类型如下这几个类型，是在com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.下面

default.xml文件里面 Struts2自带的校验器，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
"-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator Config 1.0//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-config-1.0.dtd">
<validators>
<validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>
<validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>
<validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>
<validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>
<validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>
<validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>
<validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/>
</validators>

关于这几个校验器会在下文介绍。

本文转自 w156445045 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/enetq/545259，如需转载请自行联系原作者

详解Struts2的输入校验一

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