大纲:
一、前言
二、搭建Git服务器
-
yum安装Git服务器
-
创建一个git用户,用来运行git服务
-
创建客户端登录证书
-
初始化Git仓库
-
禁用shell登录
-
克隆远程仓库
三、安装客户端
-
Windows 客户端
-
Linux 客户端
四、总结
注,测试机 CentOS 5.5 x86_64,Git 服务器版本:git version 1.8.2.1,客户端版本:git version 1.9.2.msysgit.0。所有软件请到这里下载:http://msysgit.github.io/。
一、前言
在上一篇博客中我们主要讲解Git是什么,Git的基本原理,讲解一些有关Git的基础知识,让我们简单的了解一下Git,当然我们还有很多问题没有搞清楚,嘿嘿!不管理怎么样,在我们弄清楚这些问题之前,我们得有台Git服务器是吧,嘿嘿!好了,下面我们就来一起搭建一台Git服务器。
二、搭建Git服务器
1.yum安装Git服务器
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[root@git ~]
# cd src/
[root@git src]
# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
[root@git src]
# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
package epel-release-5-4.noarch is already installed
[root@git ~]
# yum list
[root@git ~]
# yum install -y git
|
2.创建一个git用户,用来运行git服务
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[root@git ~]
# adduser git
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3.创建客户端登录证书
注,收集所有需要登录的用户的公钥,就是他们自己生成的id_rsa.pub文件,把所有公钥复制到/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里,一行一个。嘿嘿!
1).客户端生成id_rsa.pub文件的命令
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$
ssh
-keygen -t rsa
$
cat
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.pub
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm
/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ
+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7
/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV
+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
|
注,一路回车即可,将生成的id_rsa.pub,复制给管理员,帮你在服务器上增加一下,下次你用git时就不需要输入用户名和密码了。
2).查看服务器上authorized_keys文件
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[root@git ~]
# cat /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM
/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs
+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm
/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI
+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q== root@CHENMINGQIAN
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8
//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp
+S
/LD3vx2MN
+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl
/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q
== Administrator@WIN2003X323
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm
/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ
+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7
/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV
+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
|
说明:我这里有三个用户登录服务器,所以我这里就有三个ssh-rsa,大家可以看一下。
4.初始化Git仓库
注,先选定一个目录作为Git仓库,这里是/data/git/project.git。
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[root@git ~]
# cd /data/git/
[root@git git]
# git init --bare project.git
[root@git project.git]
# ls
branches config description HEAD hooks index info objects refs
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执行以上命令 Git命令,会创建一个裸仓库,裸仓库没有工作区,因为服务器上的Git仓库纯粹是为了共享,所以不让用户直接登录到服务器上去改工作区,并且服务器上的Git仓库通常都以.git结尾。然后,把owner改为git:
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[root@git git]
# chown -R git.git project.git
[root@git git]
# ls -l
总计 4
drwxr-xr-x 7 git git 4096 05-09 13:50 project.git
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5.禁用shell登录
注,出于安全考虑,第二步创建的git用户不允许登录shell,这可以通过编辑/etc/passwd文件完成。找到类似下面的一行:
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[root@git ~]
# cat /etc/passwd | grep git
git:x:1001:1001:git version control:
/home/git
:
/bin/bash
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改为:
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[root@git ~]
# vim /etc/passwd
git:x:1001:1001:git version control:
/home/git
:
/usr/bin/git-shell
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这样,git用户可以正常通过ssh使用git,但无法登录shell,因为我们为git用户指定的git-shell每次一登录就自动退出。
6.克隆远程仓库
注,现在可以通过git clone命令克隆远程仓库了,在各自的电脑上运行:
注,$ git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git,其中git用户名,git.jjhh.com服务器,/data/git/prgject.git是仓库路径。好了,到这里服务器的搭建到这里就完成了,下面我们来安装一下客户端。
三、安装客户端
1.Windows 客户端
1).下载客户端
注,大家到这里下载http://msysgit.github.io/。下面简单演示一下安装过程,比较简单:
好了,到这里就安装完成了,安装好以后会在桌面上有个图标,你双击打开即可。如下图:
2.Linux 客户端
注,Linux客户端安装就比较简单了,直接用yum安装一下就好!
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[root@
test
~]
# yum install -y git
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到这里git就安装完成了,下面我们查看一下版本:
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[root@
test
~]
# git --version
git version 1.8.2.
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下面我们生成公钥并复制到服务器上:
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[root@
test
~]
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public
/private
rsa key pair.
Enter
file
in
which
to save the key (
/root/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
):
Created directory
'/root/.ssh'
.
Enter passphrase (empty
for
no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved
in
/root/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.
Your public key has been saved
in
/root/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
48:3c:22:76:02:f1:a2:e5:27:22:cb:4f:a7:a0:98:9d root@
test
.com
[root@
test
~]
# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP
/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f
+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM
/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5
+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI
/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE
+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ== root@
test
.com
|
下面我们复制id_rsa.pub里的公钥到服务器的authorized_keys文件中。
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[root@git ~]
# su git
bash
-3.2$
cd
bash
-3.2$ vim .
ssh
/authorized_keys
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM
/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs
+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm
/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI
+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q== root@CHENMINGQIAN
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8
//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp
+S
/LD3vx2MN
+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl
/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q
== Administrator@WIN2003X323
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm
/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ
+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7
/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV
+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
ssh
-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP
/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f
+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM
/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5
+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI
/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE
+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ== root@
test
.com
|
下面我们clone一个仓库到本地的目录中。
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[root@
test
~]
# cd /data/dev
[root@
test
dev]
# git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git
Cloning into
'project'
...
The authenticity of host
'git.jjhh.com (114.112.173.150)'
can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is ca:ec:a2:7e:e6:89:ca:19:d3:93:7f:4b:c3:c0:c7:fd.
Are you sure you want to
continue
connecting (
yes
/no
)?
yes
Warning: Permanently added
'git.jjhh.com,114.112.173.150'
(RSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 50,
done
.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (42
/42
),
done
.
remote: Total 50 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (50
/50
), 4.02 KiB,
done
.
Resolving deltas: 100% (21
/21
),
done
.
[root@
test
dev]
# ls
project
[root@
test
dev]
# cd project/
[root@
test
project]
# ls
index.html
|
好了,到这里我们的git客户端到这里就全部安装完成了。
四、总结
Q&A,有什么问题欢迎大家交流讨论。最后,希望大家有所收获^_^……