浅谈apache与tomact的整合-阿里云开发者社区

一般来讲，配置apache和tomcat的整合有三种方式，mod_proxy,mod_ajp和mod_jk等三种方式，前2种配置步骤类似且相对容易，且只支持apache2.2以后的版本，mod_jk则配置相对复杂，但强在稳定性和性能方面，因为没有系统的写过这方面的文档，故在此简要的记录下使用mod_proxy和mod_jk两种方式来整合apache和tomcat！

三种方式的对比，具体请参考：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-lo-apache-tomcat/

本文环境介绍：
os版本：centos5.4 64bit
jdk版本：jdk-6u2-linux-i586.bin
tomcat版本：7.0.29
apache版本：2.4.2
apache服务器IP：192.168.123.110/24
tomcat实例一IP:192.168.123.110/24 (端口默认)
tomcat实例二IP:192.168.123.20/24 (端口默认)

一：mod_proxy方式的整合
1：编译安装apache，需要编译proxy相关的模块，这里采用目前最新版的apache2.4.2

[root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvpf httpd-2.4.2.tar.gz
[root@db1 ~]# cd httpd-2.4.2
[root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-rewrite --enable-so --enable-headers --enable-expires --enable-modules-shared=most --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/
[root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# make
[root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# make install

若启动apache出现下面的错误，基本上属于apr的问题，要么apr没安装，要么版本不对！

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t
httpd: Syntax error on line 113 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_proxy.so into server: /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_proxy.so: undefined symbol: apr_global_mutex_lockfile

[root@db1 ~]# yum remove apr
[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES |grep proxy
proxy_module (shared)
proxy_connect_module (shared)
proxy_ftp_module (shared)
proxy_http_module (shared)
proxy_fcgi_module (shared)
proxy_scgi_module (shared)
proxy_ajp_module (shared)
proxy_balancer_module (shared)
proxy_express_module (shared)

2：配置apache的虚拟主机

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
VirtualHost configuration:
*:80 is a NameVirtualHost
default server 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)
port 80 namevhost 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)
port 80 namevhost 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)
port 80 namevhost www.yang.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:31)
port 80 namevhost www.yang.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:31)

若启动apache报错如下，则需要加载mod_slotmem_shm.so模块，之前在使用apache中很少用到mod_proxy模块，所以遇到的问题多多！

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start
[root@db1 ~]# echo $?
0
[root@db1 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep :80
[root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
[Fri Aug 10 18:32:25.298436 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 7859:tid 47937562389216] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Fri Aug 10 18:32:25.298650 2012] [:emerg] [pid 7859:tid 47937562389216] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
[Fri Aug 10 18:34:04.717801 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 7876:tid 47508265659104] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Fri Aug 10 18:34:04.717951 2012] [:emerg] [pid 7876:tid 47508265659104] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting

[root@db1 ~]# grep 'slotmem' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start
[root@db1 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep :80
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 7898/httpd

注意：2.4.2版本的apache中需要在目录下面添加 Require all granted,否则无论怎么访问都是403，悲了个催的！具体报错如下:

[Fri Aug 10 19:07:13.263893 2012] [authz_core:error] [pid 8918:tid 1126259008] [client 192.168.123.102:53420] AH01630: client denied by server configuration: /tmp

[root@db1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf |grep -v '^$'
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName 192.168.123.110
<Location />
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.yang.com
DocumentRoot /tmp
<Directory /tmp>
Options +indexes
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3：安装jdk和tomcat，并启动tomcat

[root@db2 ~]# java -version
java version "1.6.0"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 1.6.0-b09, mixed mode)
[root@db2 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@db2 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 7601/java
tcp 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 7601/java
tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 7601/java

4：使用mod_proxy转发jsp的请求，test目录，tomcat.css,tomcat.png请求使用apache处理

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.yang.com
DocumentRoot /tmp
<Directory /tmp>
Options +indexes
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Require all granted
</Directory>
Proxypass /test !
Proxypass /tomcat.css !
Proxypass /tomcat.png !
Proxypass / http://192.168.123.20:8080
</VirtualHost>

5：mod_proxy配置集群

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.yang.com
DocumentRoot /tmp
<Directory /tmp>
Options +indexes
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Require all granted
</Directory>
Proxypass /test !
Proxypass /tomcat.css !
Proxypass /tomcat.png !
Proxypass / balancer://yang
<Proxy balancer://yang/>
BalancerMember http://192.168.123.20:8080/
BalancerMember http://192.168.123.110:8080/
</Proxy>
</VirtualHost>

6:测试

二：mod_jk方式整合
1：下载并编译安装mod_jk模块

[root@db1 ~]# wget http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
[root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
[root@db1 ~]# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/
[root@db1 native]# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
[root@db1 native]# make && make install
[root@db1 ~]# grep 'mod_jk' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
Include conf/extra/mod_jk.conf

2：修改mod_jk配置文件如下

[root@db1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile conf/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile "logs/mod_jk.log"
JkLogLevel info
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"
JkShmFile logs/jk.shm
HostnameLookups Off

3：配置workers.properties，指定ajp连接tomcat的信息

[root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=yang,jkstatus
#110
worker.server110.port=8009
worker.server110.host=192.168.123.110
worker.server110.type=ajp13
worker.server110.lbfactor=0
worker.server110.socket_keepalive=1
worker.server110.socket_timeout=0
worker.server110.retries=3
#20
worker.server20.port=8009
worker.server20.host=192.168.123.20
worker.server20.type=ajp13
worker.server20.lbfactor=9
worker.server20.socket_keepalive=1
worker.server20.socket_timeout=0
worker.server20.retries=3
worker.yang.type=lb
worker.retries=3
worker.yang.balance_workers=server110, server22
worker.yang.sticky_session=true
worker.yang.sticky_session_force=true
worker.jkstatus.type=status
worker.jkstatus.read_only=true

4：配置虚拟主机，jkmount_yang.conf文件指定了客户端http请求的走向,test目录下的请求交给apache处理

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.yang.com
DocumentRoot /tmp
Include conf/extra/jkmount_yang.conf
<Directory /tmp>
Options +indexes
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/jkmount_yang.conf
JkMount /* yang
JkMount /status jkstatus
JkunMount /test/* yang

5：重启apache

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart

6：修改tomcat配置文件如下，重启tomcat实例，文件中主要修改jvmroute参数，同workers.properties中的一致

[root@db1 ~]# cat sr/local/tomcat7/conf/server.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8">
          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                        address="228.0.0.5"
                        port="45564"
                        frequency="500"
                        dropTime="3000"/>
            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                      address="192.168.123.110"
                      port="4000"
                      autoBind="100"
                      selectorTimeout="5000"
                      maxThreads="6"/>
            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
              <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
            </Sender>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
          </Channel>
          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                 filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>
          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>


      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>

7：测试

[root@db1 ~]# tail -f /usr/local/apache/logs/mod_jk.log
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.017531
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.003080
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.001009
[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang www.yang.com 0.001876

本文转自斩月博客51CTO博客，原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/ylw6006/965119如需转载请自行联系原作者

ylw6006

浅谈apache与tomact的整合

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