Lua的性能超牛的,这个不需要再啰嗦了。。。
Nginx_lua的适用场景
网络I/O 阻塞时间远高于CPU 计算占用时间、同时上游资源非瓶颈(可伸缩)的网络应用,如高性能网络中间层、HTTP REST 接口服务等;
期望简化系统架构,让服务向Nginx 同质化的Web 站点;
优势:
同步非阻塞I/O 形式直观易懂,并发服务能力强
CPU、内存运行开销低
同Nginx 结合度高,可方便粘合现有Nginx 模块功能
劣势:
属于新技术方案,Lua 相比于PHP、Ruby 等广泛使用的开发
语言,周边附属设施尚不够健全,需要时间积累
安装就简单过一遍,其实大家用openresty就行啦。。。 作者已经做了很多的调优。。。
还是推荐大家用 openresty。。。 最少在测试环境下用这个,可以省去很多找模块,折腾模块的时间。。。
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1
.下载nginx
wget http:
//nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.2.tar.gz
2
.安装gcc
sudo apt-
get
install gcc
3
.下载LuaJIT
wget http:
//luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.0-beta10.tar.gz
4
. 安装LuaJIT
tar -xzvf LuaJIT-
2.0
.
0
-beta10.tar.gz
cd LuaJIT-
2.0
.
0
-beta10
make && sudo make install
5
.下载 ngx_devel_kit(在这个页面找:https:
//github.com/simpl/ngx_devel_kit/tags)
wget https:
//github.com/simpl/ngx_devel_kit/tarball/master -O simpl-ngx_devel_kit.tar.gz
6
.下载最新的 lua-nginx-module(在这个页面找:https:
//github.com/chaoslawful/lua-nginx-module/tags)
wget https:
//github.com/chaoslawful/lua-nginx-module/tarball/master -O lua-nginx-module.tar.gz
7
.下载pcre
wget ftp:
//ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.gz
tar -xzvf pcre-
8.31
.tar.gz
./configure && make(如果报“compile: unrecognized option `-DHAVE_CONFIG_H'”,请安装sudo apt-
get
install build-essential)
sudo make install
8
.下载echo模块
wget https:
//github.com/agentzh/echo-nginx-module/tarball/master -O echo-nginx-module.tar.gz
tar -xzvf echo-nginx-module.tar.gz
7
. 解压nginx,ngx_devel_kit, lua-nginx-module
tar -xzvf nginx-
1.2
.
2
.tar.gz
tar -xzvf simpl-ngx_devel_kit.tar.gz
tar -xzvf lua-nginx-module.tar.gz
8
.安装
sudo apt-
get
install openssl libssl-dev
sudo apt-
get
install libtool
cd nginx-
1.2
.
2
export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lib/
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/
include
/luajit-
2.0
./configure --user=www-data --group=www-data --
with
-debug --
with
-http_gzip_static_module --
with
-http_ssl_module --
with
-http_stub_status_module --
with
-http_realip_module \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--add-module=../simpl-ngx_devel_kit-4192ba6/ \
--add-module=../chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module-b771a2e/\
--add-module=../agentzh-echo-nginx-module-8042c62/
make -j2
sudo make install
|
一定要注意他的执行顺序:
Rewrite phase.
Access phase.
Content phase.
详细的步骤:
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1
.init_by_lua 上下文http ngx启动时执行
2
. set_by_lua 上下文 server, server
if
, location, location
if
3
.rewrite_by_lua 上下文 http, server, location, location
if
4
.access_by_lua 上下文 http, server, location, location
if
5
.content_by_lua 上下文 location, location
if
6
.header_filter_by_lua 上下文 http, server, location, location
if
7
.body_filter_by_lua 上下文 http, server, location, location
if
8
.log_by_lua 上下文 http, server, location, location
if
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咱们再过滤post、get请求或者是触发了某个access、rewrite,如果发现恶意和违规的侵入的话,可以发邮件报警,好让我们第一时间收到邮件的信息。。。
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location
=
/
smtp {
default_type
"text/plain"
;
content_by_lua '
local smtp
=
require(
"socket.smtp"
)
local
from
=
"<ruifengyunceshi@163.com>"
local rcpt
=
{"",}
local mesgt
=
{
headers
=
{
to
=
"",
-
-
收件人
subject
=
"This is Mail Title"
},
body
=
"This is Mail Content."
}
local r, e
=
smtp.send{
server
=
"smtp.163.com"
,
user
=
"",
password
=
"",
from
=
from
,
rcpt
=
rcpt,
source
=
smtp.message(mesgt)
}
if
not
r then
ngx.say(e)
else
ngx.say(
"send ok!"
)
end
';
}
|
lua这东西挺怪的,他的双引号和单引号是有很大区别的,我到现在也没搞明白,啥区别,反正用双引号就对了。。。有事error.log报错的话,改成单引号试试。。
好点的方法是 先在lua的环境中跑一边,ok后,在放到ngx_lua里面。
Lua有丰富的接口的方案,不只是给别人提供的接口,还有他自己访问别的接口所用的模块。
如果你的同事那边已经有个高性能的socket接口,那你就别麻烦他改成rest模式了。。。 毕竟socket对socket速度很快的。
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location /cosocket {
default_type
"text/plain"
;
content_by_lua '
local sock = ngx.socket.tcp()
sock:settimeout(
1000
)
local ok, err = sock:connect(
"127.0.0.1"
,
12000
)
if
not ok then
ngx.say(
"failed to connect: "
, err)
return
end
local bytes, err = sock:send(
"flush_all"
)
ngx.say(bytes,err)
if
not bytes then
ngx.say(
"failed to send query: "
, err)
return
end
local line, err = sock:receive()
if
not line then
ngx.say(
"failed to receive a line: "
, err)
return
end
ngx.say(
"result: "
, line)
';
}
}
}
|
对于给别人的mysql查询,给账号密码不合适,和一个小权限的账号密码也不合适。
这种情况,我们要是求高性能的话,可以用lua配置cjson做成rest接口。
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location /select2 {
content_by_lua '
local mysql = require
"resty.mysql"
local db,err = mysql:
new
()
if
not db then
ngx.say(
"failed to instantiate mysql: "
,err)
return
end
db:set_timeout(
1000
)
local ok,err,errno,sqlstate = db:connect{
host =
"127.0.0.1"
,
port =
3306
,
database =
"niubi"
,
user =
"ruifengyun"
,
password =
""
,
max_package_size =
1024
}
if
not ok then
ngx.say(
"failed to connect: "
, err,
": "
, errno,
" "
, sqlstate)
return
end
ngx.say(
"connected to mysql."
)
res,err,errno,sqlstate = db:query(
"select username,password from users where id="
..ngx.
var
.arg_id)
if
not res then
ngx.say(
"bad result: "
, err,
": "
, errno,
": "
, sqlstate,
"."
)
return
end
local cjson = require
"cjson"
ngx.say("result: “,cjson.encode(res))
';
}
|
咱们既然知道了 lua的强大之处, 可以从lua里面搞负载均衡。
往redis里面 扔两个key 比如 web1 8.8.8.111 web2 8.8.8.222
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server {
listen
80
;
server_name _;
server_name_in_redirect off;
port_in_redirect off;
root /root/html;
location / {
set
$upstream
""
;
rewrite_by_lua '
local routes = _G.routes
-- setup routes cache
if
empty
if
routes == nil then
routes = {}
ngx.log(ngx.ALERT,
"Route cache is empty."
)
end
--
try
cached route first local route = routes[ngx.
var
.http_host]
if
route == nil then
local redis = require
"redis"
local client = redis.connect(
"localhost"
,
6379
)
route = client:
get
(ngx.
var
.http_host)
end
if
route ~= nil then
ngx.
var
.upstream = route
routes[ngx.
var
.http_host] = route
_G.routes = routes
else
ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_NOT_FOUND)
end
';
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_connect_timeout
10
;
proxy_send_timeout
30
;
proxy_read_timeout
30
;
proxy_pass http:
//$upstream;
}
}
|
用lua 对cookie的控制
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header_filter_by_lua '
t = {}
if
ngx.
var
.http_cookie then
s = ngx.
var
.http_cookie
for
k, v
in
string.gmatch(s,
"(%w+)=([%w%/%.=_-]+)"
)
do
t[k] = v
end
end
p = ngx.req.get_uri_args()
if
not t.uid and p.uid then
expires = ngx.cookie_time(
4523969511
)
ngx.header[
"Set-Cookie"
] = {
"uid="
.. p.uid ..
"; expires="
.. expires .. ";
end
';
|