JSON WEB TOKEN，简单谈谈TOKEN的使用及在C#中的实现-阿里云开发者社区

十年河东，十年河西，莫欺少年穷。

学无止境，精益求精。

突然发现整个十月份自己还没有写一篇博客......哎，说出来都是泪啊，最近加班实在实在实在是太多了，真的没有多余的时间写博客。这不，今天也在加班中...索性，利用加班的一些时间写篇博客吧！

首先说下什么是 JWT -- JSON WEB TOKEN，网上关于它的介绍已经很多很多啦，在此，推荐给大家一篇写的比较好的文章：什么是 JWT -- JSON WEB TOKEN

以及Token的组成部分：Token存放的信息

OK，今天我想介绍的不再是理论，而是如何在C#中应用，说白了就是怎么写程序呗。

借用什么是 JWT -- JSON WEB TOKEN 文章中一句话：

基于token的鉴权机制类似于http协议也是无状态的，它不需要在服务端去保留用户的认证信息或者会话信息。这就意味着基于token认证机制的应用不需要去考虑用户在哪一台服务器登录了，这就为应用的扩展提供了便利。

流程上是这样的：

用户使用用户名密码来请求服务器
服务器进行验证用户的信息
服务器通过验证发送给用户一个token
客户端存储token，并在每次请求时附送上这个token值
服务端验证token值，并返回数据

这个token必须要在每次请求时传递给服务端，它应该保存在请求头里。

OK，按照上述的流程，首先我们应当拿到登录的账户，密码等信息，验证通过后，生成TOKEN并发送给客户端，之后客户端的每个请求只需带上这个TOKEN，服务器端对这个TOKEN验证，验证通过后即可访问服务器资源，。

具体在C#中如何模仿这个流程呢？

用户使用用户名密码来请求服务器
服务器进行验证用户的信息

上述二个步骤其实是个登录过程，在此不作说明！

服务器通过验证发送给用户一个token

发送给客户端一个Token，这个就需要我们生成Token了，那么怎样生成呢？理论模块可参考：Token的组成部分：Token存放的信息

1、用C#生成Token：

首先引入JWT.dll

Token生成的具体代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
/*----------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (C) 2017 陈卧龙
    
    文件名：TestForToken.CommonCS
    文件功能描述：Token相关操作
----------------------------------------------------------------*/
namespace TestForToken.CommonCS
{
    public class CommonToken
    {
        public static string SecretKey = "This is a private key for Server";//这个服务端加密秘钥 属于私钥

        public static string GenToken(TokenInfo M)
        {
            var jwtcreated =
               Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);
            var jwtcreatedOver =
            Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(2) - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);
            var payload = new Dictionary<string, dynamic>
                {
                    {"iss", M.iss},//非必须。issuer 请求实体，可以是发起请求的用户的信息，也可是jwt的签发者。
                    {"iat", jwtcreated},//非必须。issued at。 token创建时间，unix时间戳格式
                    {"exp", jwtcreatedOver},//非必须。expire 指定token的生命周期。unix时间戳格式
                    {"aud", M.aud},//非必须。接收该JWT的一方。
                    {"sub", M.sub},//非必须。该JWT所面向的用户
                    {"jti", M.jti},//非必须。JWT ID。针对当前token的唯一标识
                    {"UserName", M.UserName},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人账户信息
                    {"UserPwd", M.UserPwd},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人登录密码信息
                    {"UserRole", M.UserRole},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人登录权限信息
                };
            return JWT.JsonWebToken.Encode(payload, SecretKey,
                JWT.JwtHashAlgorithm.HS256);
        }
    }

    public class TokenInfo
    {
        public TokenInfo()
        {
            iss = "签发者信息";
            aud = "http://example.com";
            sub = "HomeCare.VIP";
            jti = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
            UserName = "jack.chen";
            UserPwd = "jack123456";
            UserRole = "HomeCare.Administrator";
        }
        //
        public string iss { get; set; }
        public string aud { get; set; }
        public string sub { get; set; }
        public string jti { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string UserPwd { get; set; }
        public string UserRole { get; set; }
    }
}

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2、将生成的Token发送给客户端后，随后，客户端的每次请求只需带上这个Token即可

一般都是将Token存放在Http请求的Headers中，也就是：context.Request.Headers，那么如何接收请求头中的Token呢？接收到Token后如何验证呢？

验证TOKEN时就需要构建 MVC Action 过滤器（AuthorizeAttribute）了，不过在构建 AuthorizeAttribute 之前，有必要对 AuthorizeAttribute 说明下，如下：

首先，AuthorizeAttribute 类位于System.Web.Http 命名空间下及System.Web.Mvc命名空间下,

一般情况下，如果你需要对C# MVC 控制器的访问作认证与授权，你需要用System.Web.Mvc命名空间下的 AuthorizeAttribute ，如果你需要对C# API 控制器的访问作认证与授权，你需要用System.Web.Http 命名空间下的 AuthorizeAttribute !

OK，知道了上述两种不同命名空间下的 AuthorizeAttribute ，下面以范例作为说明：

2.1、自定义MVC ACTION 登录授权验证，（由于本篇博客主讲 Token 的验证与实现，因此，关于MVC 登录验证只做代码说明：）

2.1.1、新建一个MVC控制器，命名为BaseController，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace TestForToken.Controllers
{
    public class BaseController : Controller
    {
        #region 退出登录
        /// <summary>
        /// 退出登录
        /// </summary>
        public void ClearLogin()
        {
            FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(
                   1,
                   "",
                   DateTime.Now,
                   DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-30),
                   false,
                   "",
                   "/"
                   );
            //.ASPXAUTH
            string encryptedTicket = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(authTicket);
            System.Web.HttpCookie authCookie = new System.Web.HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, encryptedTicket);
            System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(authCookie);

        }
        #endregion

        #region 自定义过滤器
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义过滤器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext"></param>
        protected override void OnActionExecuting(System.Web.Mvc.ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            string cookieName = FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName;
            HttpCookie authCookie = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies[cookieName];
            FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = null;
            try
            {
                authTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(authCookie.Value);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return;
            }
            if (authTicket != null && filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                string UserName = authTicket.Name;
                
                base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
            }
            else
            {
                Content("<script >top.location.href='/Home/Login';</script >", "text/html");
                //filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Redirect("/Home/Logins");
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 读取错误信息
        /// <summary>
        /// 读取错误信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetError()
        {
            var errors = ModelState.Values;
            foreach (var item in errors)
            {
                foreach (var item2 in item.Errors)
                {
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(item2.ErrorMessage))
                    {
                        return item2.ErrorMessage;
                    }
                }
            }
            return "";
        }
        #endregion

    }
}

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2.2.2、新建一个MVC控制器，命名为HomeController，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using TestForToken.Models;

namespace TestForToken.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : BaseController
    {
        public ActionResult Login()
        {
            ClearLogin();
            string HX_userName = CommonMethod.getCookie("HX_userName");
            string HX_userPwd = CommonMethod.getCookie("HX_userPwd");
            ViewBag.HX_userName = HX_userName;
            ViewBag.HX_userPwd = HX_userPwd;
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public object UserLogin(LoginsModel LoginMol)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)//是否通过Model验证
            {
                return LoginMol.LoginAction();
            }
            else
            {
                return GetError();
            }
        }
    }
}

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2.2.3、新建一个登录实体类，命名为：LoginsModel，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace TestForToken.Models
{
    public class LoginsModel
    {
        private readonly object LOCK = new object();
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "请输入账户号码/手机号")]
        [RegularExpression(@"^1[34578][0-9]{9}$", ErrorMessage = "手机号格式不正确")]
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "请输入账户密码")]
        [DataType(DataType.Password, ErrorMessage = "密码格式不正确")]
        public string UserPwd { get; set; }

        public bool remember { get; set; }

        public string LoginAction()
        {
            lock (LOCK)
            {
                string userRole = string.Empty;
                //数据库操作代码
                int UserId = 0;
                if (UserName == "18137070152" && UserPwd == "18137070152")
                {
                    UserId = 1;
                    userRole = "HomeCare.Administrator";
                }
                else if (UserName == "18911695087" && UserPwd == "18911695087")
                {
                    UserId = 2;
                    userRole = "HomeCare.Vip";
                }
                else
                {
                    UserId = 3;
                    userRole = "HomeCare.User";
                }
                if (UserId != 0)
                {
                    if (remember)
                    {
                        CommonMethod.setCookie("HX_userName", UserName, 7);
                        CommonMethod.setCookie("HX_userPwd", UserPwd, 7);
                    }
                    FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(
                           1,
                           UserName + "_" + UserId,
                           DateTime.Now,
                           DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
                           false,
                           userRole,
                           "/"
                           );
                    //.ASPXAUTH
                    string encryptedTicket = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(authTicket);
                    System.Web.HttpCookie authCookie = new System.Web.HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, encryptedTicket);
                    System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(authCookie);
                    return "HomeCare.Administrator";
                }
                else
                {
                    return "账户密码不存在";
                }
            }
        }

    }

}

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2.2.4、修改你的Global.asax文件，修改代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.Routing;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace TestForToken
{
    // 注意: 有关启用 IIS6 或 IIS7 经典模式的说明，
    // 请访问 http://go.microsoft.com/?LinkId=9394801

    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

            WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
            FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
            BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 登录验证、s授权
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string cookieName = FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName;
            HttpCookie authCookie = Context.Request.Cookies[cookieName];
            FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = null;
            try
            {
                authTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(authCookie.Value);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return;
            }
            string[] roles = authTicket.UserData.Split(',');
            FormsIdentity id = new FormsIdentity(authTicket);
            GenericPrincipal principal = new GenericPrincipal(id, roles);
            Context.User = principal;//存到HttpContext.User中 　 　 
        }
    }
}

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2.2.5、公共访问类CommonCS部分代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;


namespace TestForToken
{
    public class CommonMethod
    {
        #region cookie操作
        /// <summary>
        /// Cookies赋值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strName">主键</param>
        /// <param name="strValue">键值</param>
        /// <param name="strDay">有效天数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool setCookieForMIn(string strName, string strValue, int Mintius)
        {
            try
            {
                HttpCookie Cookie = new HttpCookie(strName);
                //Cookie.Domain = ".xxx.com";//当要跨域名访问的时候,给cookie指定域名即可,格式为.xxx.com
                Cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(Mintius);
                Cookie.Value = strValue;
                System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(Cookie);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Cookies赋值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strName">主键</param>
        /// <param name="strValue">键值</param>
        /// <param name="strDay">有效天数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool setCookie(string strName, string strValue, int strDay)
        {
            try
            {
                HttpCookie Cookie = new HttpCookie(strName);
                //Cookie.Domain = ".xxx.com";//当要跨域名访问的时候,给cookie指定域名即可,格式为.xxx.com
                Cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(strDay);
                Cookie.Value = strValue;
                System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(Cookie);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取Cookies
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strName">主键</param>
        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string getCookie(string strName)
        {
            HttpCookie Cookie = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies[strName];
            if (Cookie != null)
            {
                return Cookie.Value.ToString();
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除Cookies
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strName">主键</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool delCookie(string strName)
        {
            try
            {
                HttpCookie Cookie = new HttpCookie(strName);
                //Cookie.Domain = ".xxx.com";//当要跨域名访问的时候,给cookie指定域名即可,格式为.xxx.com
                Cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1);
                System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(Cookie);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

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2.2.6、公共Token生成类代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
/*----------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (C) 2017 陈卧龙
    
    文件名：TestForToken.CommonCS
    文件功能描述：Token相关操作
----------------------------------------------------------------*/
namespace TestForToken.CommonCS
{
    public class CommonToken
    {
        public static string SecretKey = "This is a private key for Server";//这个服务端加密秘钥 属于私钥

        public static string GenToken(TokenInfo M)
        {
            var jwtcreated =
               Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);
            var jwtcreatedOver =
            Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(2) - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);
            var payload = new Dictionary<string, dynamic>
                {
                    {"iss", M.iss},//非必须。issuer 请求实体，可以是发起请求的用户的信息，也可是jwt的签发者。
                    {"iat", jwtcreated},//非必须。issued at。 token创建时间，unix时间戳格式
                    {"exp", jwtcreatedOver},//非必须。expire 指定token的生命周期。unix时间戳格式
                    {"aud", M.aud},//非必须。接收该JWT的一方。
                    {"sub", M.sub},//非必须。该JWT所面向的用户
                    {"jti", M.jti},//非必须。JWT ID。针对当前token的唯一标识
                    {"UserName", M.UserName},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人账户信息
                    {"UserPwd", M.UserPwd},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人登录密码信息
                    {"UserRole", M.UserRole},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人登录权限信息
                };
            return JWT.JsonWebToken.Encode(payload, SecretKey,
                JWT.JwtHashAlgorithm.HS256);
        }
    }

    public class TokenInfo
    {
        public TokenInfo()
        {
            iss = "签发者信息";
            aud = "http://example.com";
            sub = "HomeCare.VIP";
            jti = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
            UserName = "jack.chen";
            UserPwd = "jack123456";
            UserRole = "HomeCare.Administrator";
        }
        //
        public string iss { get; set; }
        public string aud { get; set; }
        public string sub { get; set; }
        public string jti { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string UserPwd { get; set; }
        public string UserRole { get; set; }
    }
}

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2.2.7、新建一个登录页面，Login.cshtml代码如下：

@{
    Layout = null;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    
    <title>账户登录</title>
    <link href="~/Content/css/materialize.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <style type="text/css">
    html,
    body {
        height: 100%;
    }
    html {
        display: table;
        margin: auto;
    }
    body {
        display: table-cell;
        vertical-align: middle;
        color:#47c1a8;

    }

    .margin {
      margin: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .card-panel{ min-width:350px;}
    </style>
    <!--[if IE]>
        <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
</head>
<body class="red">
   
    <div id="login-page" class="row">
        <div class="col s12 z-depth-6 card-panel">
          <form class="login-form">
            <div class="row">
              <div class="input-field col s12 center">
                <img src="/content/images/100.png" alt="" class="responsive-img valign profile-image-login">
                <p class="center login-form-text">账户登录</p>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row margin">
              <div class="input-field col s12">
                <i class="mdi-social-person-outline prefix"></i>
                <input class="validate" id="UserName" name="UserName" type="tel" value="@ViewBag.HX_userName">
                <label for="tel" data-error="wrong" data-success="right" class="center-align">手机号码：</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row margin">
              <div class="input-field col s12">
                <i class="mdi-action-lock-outline prefix"></i>
                <input id="UserPwd" name="UserPwd" type="password" value="@ViewBag.HX_userPwd">
                <label for="password">密码：</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">          
              <div class="input-field col s12 m12 l12  login-text">
                  <input type="checkbox" id="remember-me" name="remember-me" />
                  <label for="remember-me">记住我</label>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div class="input-field col s12">
                <a href="JavaScript:void(0)" class="btn waves-effect waves-light col s12" onclick="Login()">登　录</a>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
               <div class="input-field col s6 m6 l6">
                <p class="margin medium-small"></p>
              </div>
              <div class="input-field col s6 m6 l6">
                  <p class="margin right-align medium-small"><a href="/home/forgotpassword">忘记密码?</a></p>
              </div>          
                </div>
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    
    
    <script src="~/Scripts/js/jquery-2.1.0.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/js/materialize.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function Login() {
            var UserName = $("#UserName").val();
            var UserPwd = $("#UserPwd").val();
            var remember = document.getElementById("remember-me").checked;

            $(document).ready(function (data) {
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/Home/UserLogin",
                    type: "post",
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    dataType: "text",
                    data: JSON.stringify({ UserName: UserName, UserPwd: UserPwd, remember: remember }),
                    success: function (result, status) {
                        if (result == "HomeCare.Administrator") {
                            //登录成功 跳转
                            location.href = "/Manger/Index";//管理员登录
                        }
                        else {
                            alert(result);
                        }
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error);
                    }
                });
            });
        }
</script>
      <!--materialize js-->
      
</body>
</html>

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2.2.8、新建一个登录验证属性，继承自：System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute，代码如下：(千呼万唤始出来啊......~_~)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace TestForToken.Auth2._0
{
    public class MvcActionAuth : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        public string[] AuthorizeRoleAry = new string[] { "HomeCare.User", "HomeCare.Vip", "HomeCare.Administrator" };//本系统允许的角色 普通用户 会员 超级管理员
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义 MVC 控制前访问权限验证
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext"></param>
        public override void OnAuthorization(System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            string Role = string.Empty;
            string controllerName = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName;
            string actionName = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName;
            //数据库验证当前Controller及Action允许访问的权限
            //简单模拟 读取数据库
            if (controllerName == "Manger" && actionName == "Index")
            {
                //得到允许访问 Manger/Index 的权限值
                Role = "HomeCare.Administrator,HomeCare.Vip";
            }

            //
            string cookieName = FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName;
            HttpCookie authCookie = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies[cookieName];
            FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = null;
            try
            {
                authTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(authCookie.Value);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return;
            }
            string[] roles = authTicket.UserData.Split(',');
            string NowRole = string.Empty;
            foreach (var item in roles)
            {
                NowRole += item;
            }
            if (!Role.Contains(NowRole)) //没有权限访问当前控制器 ACtion
            {
                System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Redirect("/Home/Login");
            } 
            base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);
        }
    }
}

View Code

2.2.9、新建一个MVC 控制器，命名为：MangerController，代码如下：

上述代码就不做演示了，大致过程是这样的：

Manger/Index的访问权限如下：

登录用户：

上述截图已经很清晰了，不再作重复说明。

OK，上述代码便是整个MVC 控制器登录验证/授权认证的全部代码。下面我们请出本文终极BOSS，如果接收并解析验证接收的TOKEN。

3、下面介绍webAPI Controller 的认证授权

3.1、首先，我们自定义一个继承自System.Web.Http 命名空间下的AuthorizeAttribute 属性来解析并验证TOKEN

代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
using TestForToken.CommonCS;

namespace TestForToken.Auth2._0
{
    public class ApiActionAuth : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext context)
        {
            var authHeader = context.Request.Headers.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Key == "ApiAuthorization");//获取接收的Token

            if (context.Request.Headers == null || !context.Request.Headers.Any() || authHeader.Key == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(authHeader.Value.FirstOrDefault()))
            {
                Throw401Exception(context, "NoToken");
                return;
            }
           
            var sendToken = authHeader.Value.FirstOrDefault();

            //url获取token 
            var now = Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);//当前的时间戳
            var dictPayload = DecodeToken(sendToken);

            if (dictPayload == null)
            {
                Throw401Exception(context, "InvalidToken");
            }
            double iat = dictPayload["iat"];
            double exp = dictPayload["exp"];
            //检查令牌的有效期
            if (!(iat < now && now < exp))//如果当前时间戳不再Token声明周期范围内，则返回Token过期
            {
                Throw401Exception(context, "TokenTimeout");
            }
            //获取Token的自定义键值对
            int UserId = dictPayload["UserId"];
            string UserName = dictPayload["UserName"];
            string UserPwd = dictPayload["UserPwd"];
            string UserRole = dictPayload["UserRole"];

            //把toke用户数据放到 HttpContext.Current.User 里
            ClientUserData clientUserData = new ClientUserData()
            {
                UserId = UserId,
                UserName = UserName,
                UserPwd = UserPwd,
                UserRole = UserRole

            };
            if (HttpContext.Current != null)
            {
                HttpContext.Current.User = new UserPrincipal(clientUserData);
            }

        }

        private static IDictionary<string, dynamic> DecodeToken(string token)
        {
            try
            {
                var dictPayload = JWT.JsonWebToken.DecodeToObject(token, CommonToken.SecretKey) as IDictionary<string, dynamic>;
                return dictPayload;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }

        private static void Throw401Exception(HttpActionContext actionContext, string exceptionString)
        {
            var response = HttpContext.Current.Response;
            throw new HttpResponseException(
           actionContext.Request.CreateErrorResponse(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, exceptionString ?? "Unauthorized"));
        }
        private static string RequestToString(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            var message = new StringBuilder();
            if (request.Method != null)
                message.Append(request.Method);

            if (request.RequestUri != null)
                message.Append(" ").Append(request.RequestUri);
            return message.ToString();
        }
    }
}

View Code

3.2、新增一个存储解析Token结果的类，命名为SysHelper.cs，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Web;

namespace TestForToken.Auth2._0
{
    public class SysHelper
    {
        public static UserPrincipal CurrentPrincipal
        {
            get
            {
                return HttpContext.Current.User as UserPrincipal;
            }
        }
    }

    public class UserPrincipal : ClientUserData, IPrincipal
    {
        public IIdentity Identity { get; private set; }
        public string[] Roles { get; set; }

        public UserPrincipal(ClientUserData clientUserData)
        {
            this.Identity = new GenericIdentity(string.Format("{0}", clientUserData.UserId));
            this.UserId = clientUserData.UserId;
            this.UserName = clientUserData.UserName;
            this.UserPwd = clientUserData.UserPwd;
            this.UserRole = clientUserData.UserRole;
        }

        public bool IsInRole(string role)
        {
            if (Roles.Any(r => r == role))
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    public class ClientUserData
    {
        public int UserId { get; set; }

        public string UserName { get; set; }

        public string UserPwd { get; set; }

        public string UserRole { get; set; }
    }
}

View Code

3.3、公共Token生成方法修改如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
/*----------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (C) 2017 陈卧龙
    
    文件名：TestForToken.CommonCS
    文件功能描述：Token相关操作
----------------------------------------------------------------*/
namespace TestForToken.CommonCS
{
    public class CommonToken
    {
        public static string SecretKey = "This is a private key for Server";//这个服务端加密秘钥 属于私钥

        public static string GetToken(TokenInfo M)
        {
            var jwtcreated =
               Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);
            var jwtcreatedOver =
            Math.Round((DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(2) - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)).TotalSeconds + 5);//TOKEN声明周期二小时
            var payload = new Dictionary<string, dynamic>
                {
                    {"iss", M.iss},//非必须。issuer 请求实体，可以是发起请求的用户的信息，也可是jwt的签发者。
                    {"iat", jwtcreated},//非必须。issued at。 token创建时间，unix时间戳格式
                    {"exp", jwtcreatedOver},//非必须。expire 指定token的生命周期。unix时间戳格式
                    {"aud", M.aud},//非必须。接收该JWT的一方。
                    {"sub", M.sub},//非必须。该JWT所面向的用户
                    {"jti", M.jti},//非必须。JWT ID。针对当前token的唯一标识
                    {"UserId", M.UserId},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人账户信息
                    {"UserName", M.UserName},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人账户信息
                    {"UserPwd", M.UserPwd},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人登录密码信息
                    {"UserRole", M.UserRole},//自定义字段 用于存放当前登录人登录权限信息
                };
            return JWT.JsonWebToken.Encode(payload, SecretKey,
                JWT.JwtHashAlgorithm.HS256);
        }
    }

    public class TokenInfo
    {
        public TokenInfo()
        {
            iss = "签发者信息";
            aud = "http://example.com";
            sub = "HomeCare.VIP";
            jti = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
            UserId = 1;
            UserName = "jack.chen";
            UserPwd = "jack123456";
            UserRole = "HomeCare.Administrator";
        }
        //
        public string iss { get; set; }
        public string aud { get; set; }
        public string sub { get; set; }
        public string jti { get; set; }
        public int UserId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string UserPwd { get; set; }
        public string UserRole { get; set; }
    }
}

View Code

3.4、定义一个MVC API Controller 代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using TestForToken.Auth2._0;

namespace TestForToken.Controllers
{
    public class MangerApiController : ApiController
    {
        [ApiActionAuth]
        [HttpGet]
        public string GetStr()
        {
            int UserId = SysHelper.CurrentPrincipal.UserId;
            string UserName = SysHelper.CurrentPrincipal.UserName;
            string UserPwd = SysHelper.CurrentPrincipal.UserPwd;
            string UserRole = SysHelper.CurrentPrincipal.UserRole;
            return "当前登录的第三方用户信息如下,UserId:" + UserId + ",UserName:" + UserName + ",UserPwd:" + UserPwd + ",UserRole:" + UserRole;
        }
    }
}

View Code

OK，有了上述代码我们就可以模拟TOKEN验证了，模拟步骤如下：/

3.5、模拟TOKEN验证：

3.5.1、生成TOKEN，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using TestForToken.CommonCS;

namespace TestForToken
{
    public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Response.Write(CommonToken.GetToken(new TokenInfo()));
        }
    }
}

View Code

生成的TOKEN为：eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiLnrb7lj5HogIXkv6Hmga8iLCJpYXQiOjE1MDk2OTEyODQsImV4cCI6MTUwOTY5ODQ4NCwiYXVkIjoiaHR0cDovL2V4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwic3ViIjoiSG9tZUNhcmUuVklQIiwianRpIjoiMjAxNzExMDMwMjQxMTkiLCJVc2VySWQiOjEsIlVzZXJOYW1lIjoiamFjay5jaGVuIiwiVXNlclB3ZCI6ImphY2sxMjM0NTYiLCJVc2VyUm9sZSI6IkhvbWVDYXJlLkFkbWluaXN0cmF0b3IifQ.IryLo19SSghi34LD1PNIOmzgzavQrnmGBD42pdojXtg

3.5.2、将获取的TOKEN（有效期两个小时）返回至客户端，客户端将获取的TOKEN放在请求头 Headers 中，模拟请求如下（PostMan）：

OK，将上述TOKEN随便去掉一个字母，请求结果如下：

过期的TOKEN，请求如下：

OK，关于TOKEN更详细的验证，还需要大家自行完善，本篇博客我仅仅只验证了TOKEN是否正确，没有作进一步的验证，大家可根据项目需求，主动完善TOKEN验证代码。

例如：读取TOKEN存放的用户名，密码，角色等信息再作数据库验证。或者如同上述的MVC 控制器控制，验证角色等信息，总之，，，，，，，不写了，太累，还有任务没完成呢。

哈！见谅！

项目源码位置：http://download.csdn.net/download/wolongbb/10102574

希望大家喜欢....

@陈卧龙的博客

JSON WEB TOKEN，简单谈谈TOKEN的使用及在C#中的实现

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