第 3 章 Spring MVC

简介:

Spring MVC 有两种启动模式,一种是传统Tomcat,需要配置很多XML文件。另一种方式是采用 Spring Boot 需要些一个Java程序,不需要写xml文件,这个程序会帮助你处理启动所需的一切,并且采用嵌入方式启动 Tomcat 或者 Jetty.

两种方式各有优缺点,Tomcat 方式配置繁琐,但是可以使用虚拟机,同一个IP地址使用不同域名访问,出现不同的内容。而Spring Boot一个应用一个容器一个端口,比不得不通过端口来区分应用。

3.1. @Controller

		package cn.netkiller.controller;

		import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
		import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
		import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

		@Controller
		public class Welcome {

		@RequestMapping("/welcome")
		public ModelAndView helloWorld() {

		String message = "Helloworld!!!";
		return
		new ModelAndView("welcome", "message", message);
		}
		}
	

3.1.1. @RequestMapping

			@RequestMapping("/welcome")
		
			@RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
		
3.1.1.1. @RequestMapping("/")
			
package com.cf88.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class HelloController {

	@RequestMapping(value = "/{name}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getMovie(@PathVariable String name, ModelMap model) {
		model.addAttribute("name", name);
		return "hello";
	}

}		
			
			
3.1.1.2. 映射多个URL
				@RequestMapping({ "/news/zh-cn", "/news/zh-tw" })
				@ResponseBody
				public String getNewsByPath() {
				return "Hello";
				}
			
3.1.1.3. headers
			
@RequestMapping(value = "/news/json", method = GET, headers = "Accept=application/json")
@ResponseBody
public String getFoosAsJsonFromBrowser() {
    return "{...}";
}
			
			
				curl -H "Accept:application/json,text/html"
				http://localhost:8080/spring/news/json.html
			
3.1.1.4. @GetMapping

@GetMapping 等效与 @RequestMapping

			
@RequestMapping(value = "/news/list", method = GET)			
			
			

范例

			
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

	@GetMapping("/finance/list")
	public String financeList() {
		return financeService.financeList();
	}
			
			
3.1.1.5. @PostMapping

@GetMapping 等效与 @RequestMapping

			
@RequestMapping(value = "/news/list", method = method = RequestMethod.POST)			
			
			

范例

			
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;

	@PostMapping("/finance/list")
	public String financeList() {
		return financeService.financeList();
	}			
			
			

3.1.2. RequestMapping with Path Variables - @PathVariable

PATHINFO 变量可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

3.1.2.1. URL 参数传递

需求,我们需要通过URL传递参数,所传递的值是分类ID与文章ID,例如 /news/1.html, /news/1/1.html。

			
package cn.netkiller.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class Pathinfo {
	@RequestMapping("/pathinfo/{id}")
	public ModelAndView urlTestId(@PathVariable String id) {

		return new ModelAndView("pathinfo/param", "id", id);
	}

	@RequestMapping("/pathinfo/{cid}/{id}")
	public ModelAndView urlTestId(@PathVariable String cid, @PathVariable String id) {

		ModelMap model = new ModelMap();

		model.addAttribute("cid", cid);
		model.addAttribute("id", id);

		return new ModelAndView("pathinfo/param", model);
	}
}
			
			

jsp测试文件

			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${ cid } <br>
${ id } <br>
</body>
</html>
			
			
3.1.2.2. URL 传递 Date 类型

http://localhost:7000/history/2016-09-28%2000:00:00/

			
	@RequestMapping("/history/{datetime}")
	public String history(@PathVariable @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") Date datetime) throws Exception {

		System.out.println(datetime)

		return null;
	}			
			
			
3.1.2.3. 处理特殊字符

http://www.netkiller.cn/release/1.0.1

				@RequestMapping(value = "/release/{version:[a-zA-Z0-9\\.]+}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
				public @ResponseBody
				String release(@PathVariable String version) {
				log.debug("version: ", version);
				return version;
				}
			

http://www.netkiller.cn/release/1.0.1/other

				@RequestMapping(value="/release/{version:.+}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
				public void download(HttpSession
				session,@PathVariable("version")String version){
				return version;
				}
			
3.1.2.4. @PathVariable 注意事项

@PathVariable 参数传统需要注意,参数中不能携带 “/”,斜杠会被视为目录。

			
	@RequestMapping("/PathVariable/{code}.html")
	@ResponseBody
	public String urlTestId(@PathVariable String code) {
		return code;
	}
			
			

3.1.3. RequestMapping with Request Parameters - @RequestParam

@RequestParam 用来处理 HTTP GET/POST 请求的变量

			import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
		
3.1.3.1. HTTP GET
			
	@RequestMapping("/request/param")
	@ResponseBody
	public String getBarBySimplePathWithRequestParam(@RequestParam("id") long id) {
	    return "Get a specific Bar with id=" + id;
	}
			
			

				http://localhost:8080/Spring/request/param.html?id=100
			
3.1.3.2. HTTP POST
			
package cn.netkiller.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class Http {

	@RequestMapping("/http/form")
	public ModelAndView createCustomer(){
		ModelMap model = new ModelMap();

		model.addAttribute("email", "netkiller@msn.com");
		model.addAttribute("phone", "13113668890");

	    return new ModelAndView("http/form", model);
	}

	@RequestMapping(value= "/http/post", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public ModelAndView saveCustomer(HttpServletRequest request,
	        @RequestParam(value="Email", required=false) String email,
	        @RequestParam(value="Password", required=false) String password,
	        @RequestParam(value="Phone", required=false) String phone){

		ModelMap model = new ModelMap();

		model.addAttribute("email", email);
		model.addAttribute("password", password);
		model.addAttribute("phone", phone);

	    return new ModelAndView("http/post", model);
	}

}
			
			

http/form.jsp

			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

	<form method="POST"
		action="http://localhost:8080/Spring/http/post.html" id="Register"
		name="Register">
		Email: <input class="register" type="text" id="Email" name="Email" value="${email}" /> <br />
		Password: <input class="register" type="password" id="Password" name="Password" value="" /><br />
		Phone: <input class="register" type="text" id="Phone" name="Phone" value="${phone}" /> <br />
		<input type="submit" id="btnRegister" name="btnRegister" value="Register" style="cursor: pointer" />
	</form>

</body>
</html>
			
			

http/post.jsp

			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${email}<br>
	${password}	<br>
	${phone} <br>
</body>
</html>
			
			
3.1.3.3. @RequestParam 传递特殊字符串

URL 中 “+” 有特殊意义,表示空格。

如果 @RequestParam 传递参数含有空格可以这样处理。

			
	@RequestMapping("/RequestParam")
	@ResponseBody
	public String query(@RequestParam("code") String code) {

		return code.replace(" ", "+");

	}
			
			
3.1.3.4. 传递日期参数
			
	@RequestMapping("/range")
	public ModelAndView range(@RequestParam("beginDate") @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") Date beginDate, @RequestParam("endDate") @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") Date endDate) {
		log.info("===== Begin ===== {}", beginDate);

		// 你的逻辑

		log.info("===== End ===== {}", endDate);
		return new ModelAndView("activity/index", "message", "操作成功");
	}
			
			

3.1.4. @RequestBody

处理 raw 原始数据,例如提交的时 application/json, application/xml等

		
@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)  
public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException {  
	writer.write(body);  
} 
		
		
3.1.4.1. @RequestBody 传递 List
			
package cn.netkiller.api.restful;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestRestController {

	@RequestMapping(value = "/test/list/{siteId}", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public List<String> ping(@PathVariable("siteId") int siteId, @RequestBody List<String> tags) {
		System.out.println(String.format("%d, %s", siteId, tags));
		return (tags);
	}

}
			
			
			
$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '["Neo","Netkiller"]' http://localhost:8440/test/list/22.json 

["Neo","Netkiller"]	
			
			
3.1.4.2. 传递 Map 数据
			
	@PostMapping("/finance/list")
	public String financeList(@RequestBody Map<String,String> map) {
		return financeService.financeList(map);
	}
			
			
			
% curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"date":"2017-11-08"}' http://localhost:8440/finance/list.json			
			
			

3.1.5. @ModelAttribute

@ModelAttribute 处理 HTML FORM POST 提交

		
package cn.netkiller.pojo;

import java.util.List;

public class Deploy {

	private String group;
	private String envionment;
	private String project;
	private List<String> arguments;
	public Deploy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	// Getters & Setters
}
		
		
		
	@RequestMapping(value="/deploy/post",  method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public ModelAndView post(@ModelAttribute("deploy")Deploy deploy, BindingResult result) {
		if (result.hasErrors()) {
			System.out.println(result.toString());
        }
		System.out.println(deploy.toString());
		return new ModelAndView("output").addObject("output", deploy.toString());
	}		
		
		

3.1.6. @CookieValue

		
@RequestMapping("/sessionInfo")  
public void sessionInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie)  {

  //...  

}
		
		

3.1.7. @RequestHeader

		
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo")  
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,  
                              @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  {  
  
  //...  
  
} 
		
		

3.1.8. @@SessionAttributes

@SessionAttributes: 该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值,便于在方法中的参数里使用。 该注解有value、types两个属性,可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象;

		
@Controller  
@RequestMapping("/editProfile")  
@SessionAttributes("profile")  
public class ProfileForm {  
    // ...  
}  
		
		

3.1.9. @ResponseBody

			import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
		
3.1.9.1. 直接返回HTML
			
package cn.netkiller.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class Pathinfo {

	@RequestMapping(value = "/news/shenzhen/{numericId:[\\d]+}")
	@ResponseBody
	public String getNewsWithPathVariable(@PathVariable final long numericId) {
		return "Get a specific Bar with id=" + numericId;
	}

}

			
			

3.1.10. ModelAndView

3.1.10.1. 变量传递
				@RequestMapping("/testString")
				public ModelAndView helloWorld() {
				String message = "Helloworld!!!";
				return new ModelAndView("welcome", "message", message);
				}
			
				public ModelAndView handleRequestInternal() {

				ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("test");// 实例化一个VIew的ModelAndView实例
				mav.addObject("variable", "Hello World!");// 添加一个带名的model对象
				return mav;
				}
			
3.1.10.2. ModelMap 传递多个变量

传递多个字符串

				@RequestMapping("/testModelMap")
				public ModelAndView testModelMap() {
				ModelMap model = new ModelMap();

				model.addAttribute("username", "Neo");
				model.addAttribute("password", "Netkiller");

				return new ModelAndView("test/modelmap", model);
				}
			

推荐使用ModelMap

			
	@RequestMapping("/testMapString")
	public ModelAndView testMapString() {

		Map<String,String> data = new HashMap<String,String>();
		data.put("username","Neo");
		data.put("password","Netkiller");
	    return new ModelAndView("test/modelmap",data);

	}
			
			
			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${username}<br>
${password}<br>
</body>
</html>
			
			
3.1.10.3. redirect
			
	@RequestMapping("/testRedirect")
	public ModelAndView testRedirect(){
		   RedirectView view = new RedirectView("testMapString.html");
		   return new ModelAndView(view);
	}
			
			
3.1.10.4. ArrayList
			
	@RequestMapping(value = "testList")
	public ModelAndView testList() {
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		mav.setViewName("/test/list");

		// List
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
		list.add("java");
		list.add("c++");
		list.add("oracle");
		mav.addObject("bookList", list);

		return mav;
	}
			
			
			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
	pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${bookList}
	<br>

	<c:forEach items="${bookList}" var="node">
		<c:out value="${node}"></c:out><br>
	</c:forEach>

</body>
</html>
			
			
3.1.10.5. HashMap
			
	@RequestMapping("/testMap")
	public ModelAndView testMap() {
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		mav.setViewName("test/map"); // 返回的文件名

		// Map
		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
		map.put("Java", "http://www.netkiller.cn/java");
		map.put("PHP", "http://www.netkiller.cn/php");
		map.put("Home", "http://www.netkiller.cn");
		mav.addObject("channel", map);

		return mav;
	}
			
			
			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<c:forEach items="${channel}" var="node">
		<a href="<c:out value="${node.value}"></c:out>"><c:out value="${node.key}"></c:out></a>
        <br/>
	</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
			
			
3.1.10.6. 传递对象
			
	@RequestMapping("/testObject")
	public ModelAndView testObject() {
		ModelMap model = new ModelMap();

		User user = new User("neo", "passw0rd");
		model.addAttribute("user", user);
		return new ModelAndView("test/object", model);

	}
			
			
			
package cn.netkiller;

public class User {
	public String username;
	public String password;
	public User(String username, String password){
		this.username = username;
		this.password = password;
	}
	public String getUsername(){
		return this.username;
	}
	public String getPassword(){
		return this.password;
	}
}
			
			
			
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
Username: ${user.username}<br>
Password: ${user.password}<br>
</body>
</html>
			
			
3.1.10.7. 
			
			
			

3.1.11. @CrossOrigin

			@CrossOrigin(origins = "http://localhost:9000")
			@GetMapping("/greeting")
			public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(required=false,
			defaultValue="World") String name) {
			System.out.println("==== in greeting ====");
			return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(), String.format(template,
			name));
			}
		

3.1.12. @SessionAttributes

		
@Controller
@SessionAttributes("myRequestObject")
public class MyController {
  ...
}
		
		

3.1.13. HttpServletRequest / HttpServletResponse

3.1.13.1. 用于方法参数

HttpServletResponse 实例

			
package cn.netkiller.api.rest;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import api.util.MatrixToImageWriter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Hashtable;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/public/QRCode")
public class QRCodeController {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QRCodeController.class);
	
    @RequestMapping("/create/{code}" )
    @ResponseBody
    public void create(@PathVariable String code, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws WriterException, IOException {
        log.info(code);
        if (code != null && !"".equals(code)){
            ServletOutputStream stream = null;
            try {
                String text = code; 	// 二维码内容
                int width = 300; 		// 二维码图片宽度
                int height = 300; 		// 二维码图片高度
                String format = "gif";	// 二维码的图片格式

                Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String>();
                hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");   // 内容所使用字符集编码

                BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);
                // 生成二维码
                stream = httpServletResponse.getOutputStream();
                MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, format, stream);

            }catch (WriterException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (stream != null) {
                    stream.flush();
                    stream.close();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("show")
    @ResponseBody
    public ModelAndView show(){

        return new ModelAndView("/qrcode/qrcode");
    }
}		
			
			
3.1.13.2. 注入方式
			

			
			



原文出处:Netkiller 系列 手札
本文作者:陈景峯
转载请与作者联系,同时请务必标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明。

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