iOS 基础类解析 - NSString
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本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议
以下从苹果官网摘录的 NSString 的目录信息，大家发现了，条目太多，不过看一下分类，一共24个，好像少很多了吧，就是这样，理解了每一个分类所要做的事情和做事情的原则，那么再具体到由哪一个方法来做，就没那么重要了，苹果的方法重载与 C++/Java 不太一样，但那只是表面形式的不同，本质是一样的，都是 面向对象/基于对象 的那些基本特点：重载、多态、继承、封装，还有一些原则，比如对修改封闭，对扩展开放，等等...!
接下来，24类看着也有点多，我再帮初学者们扎腾扎腾，你就会发现，这些看似一堆 一堆 的东西，变得条理清晰，也没那么让人头疼了。
NSString 类参考
NSString Class Reference
1、创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing Strings
+ string– init– initWithBytes:length:encoding:– initWithBytesNoCopy:length:encoding:freeWhenDone:– initWithCharacters:length:– initWithCharactersNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone:– initWithString:– initWithCString:encoding:– initWithUTF8String:– initWithFormat:– initWithFormat:arguments:– initWithFormat:locale:– initWithFormat:locale:arguments:– initWithData:encoding:+ stringWithFormat:+ localizedStringWithFormat:+ stringWithCharacters:length:+ stringWithString:+ stringWithCString:encoding:+ stringWithUTF8String:+ stringWithCString:Deprecated in iOS 2.0+ stringWithCString:length:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– initWithCString:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– initWithCString:length:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– initWithCStringNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone:Deprecated in iOS 2.0
2、从一个文件创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing a String from a File
+ stringWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:– initWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:+ stringWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:– initWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:+ stringWithContentsOfFile:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– initWithContentsOfFile:Deprecated in iOS 2.0
3、从一个 URL 创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing a String from an URL
+ stringWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:– initWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:+ stringWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:– initWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:+ stringWithContentsOfURL:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– initWithContentsOfURL:Deprecated in iOS 2.0
4、将字符串内容写到文件或 URL
Writing to a File or URL
– writeToFile:atomically:encoding:error:– writeToURL:atomically:encoding:error:– writeToFile:atomically:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– writeToURL:atomically:Deprecated in iOS 2.0
5、获取字符串长度
Getting a String’s Length
6、获取字符和字节
Getting Characters and Bytes
– characterAtIndex:– getCharacters:range:– getBytes:maxLength:usedLength:encoding:options:range:remainingRange:– getCharacters:Deprecated in iOS 4.0
7、获取 C 字符串
Getting C Strings
– cStringUsingEncoding:– getCString:maxLength:encoding:– UTF8String– cStringDeprecated in iOS 2.0– cStringLengthDeprecated in iOS 2.0– getCString:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– getCString:maxLength:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– getCString:maxLength:range:remainingRange:Deprecated in iOS 2.0– lossyCStringDeprecated in iOS 2.0
8、拼接字符串
Combining Strings
– stringByAppendingFormat:– stringByAppendingString:– stringByPaddingToLength:withString:startingAtIndex:
9、拆分字符串
Dividing Strings
– componentsSeparatedByString:– componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:– stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:– substringFromIndex:– substringWithRange:– substringToIndex:
10、查找字符和子字符串
Finding Characters and Substrings
– rangeOfCharacterFromSet:– rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:– rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:range:– rangeOfString:– rangeOfString:options:– rangeOfString:options:range:– rangeOfString:options:range:locale:– enumerateLinesUsingBlock:– enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:
11、替换字符串
Replacing Substrings
– stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:– stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:– stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:withString:
12、确定行和段落的范围
Determining Line and Paragraph Ranges
– getLineStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:– lineRangeForRange:– getParagraphStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:– paragraphRangeForRange:
13、确定组成字符的顺序*
Determining Composed Character Sequences
14、将字符串内容转换成属性列表
Converting String Contents Into a Property List
15、识别和比较字符串
Identifying and Comparing Strings
– caseInsensitiveCompare:– localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:– compare:– localizedCompare:– compare:options:– compare:options:range:– compare:options:range:locale:– localizedStandardCompare:– hasPrefix:– hasSuffix:– isEqualToString:– hash
16、拆叠字符串*
Folding Strings
17、获取公共的前缀
Getting a Shared Prefix
18、改变大小写
Changing Case
– capitalizedString– capitalizedStringWithLocale:– lowercaseString– lowercaseStringWithLocale:– uppercaseString– uppercaseStringWithLocale:
19、使用映射获取多个字符串*
Getting Strings with Mapping
– decomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping– decomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping– precomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping– precomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping
20、获取数字值
Getting Numeric Values
21、处理字符编码
Working with Encodings
+ availableStringEncodings+ defaultCStringEncoding+ localizedNameOfStringEncoding:– canBeConvertedToEncoding:– dataUsingEncoding:– dataUsingEncoding:allowLossyConversion:– description– fastestEncoding– smallestEncoding
22、处理路径
Working with Paths
+ pathWithComponents:– pathComponents– completePathIntoString:caseSensitive:matchesIntoArray:filterTypes:– fileSystemRepresentation– getFileSystemRepresentation:maxLength:– isAbsolutePath– lastPathComponent– pathExtension– stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath– stringByAppendingPathComponent:– stringByAppendingPathExtension:– stringByDeletingLastPathComponent– stringByDeletingPathExtension– stringByExpandingTildeInPath– stringByResolvingSymlinksInPath– stringByStandardizingPath– stringsByAppendingPaths:
23、处理 URL
Working with URLs
– stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:– stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:– stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:– stringByRemovingPercentEncoding
24、语言标记和分析*
Linguistic Tagging and Analysis
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