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Prometheus-部署Grafana

2018-08-20 2304
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本文涉及的产品
可观测可视化 Grafana 版，10个用户账号 1个月
简介：   Grafana是一个开源的度量分析与可视化套件。经常被用作基础设施的时间序列数据和应用程序分析的可视化，我们这里用它来做Kubernetes集群监控数据的可视化。

  Grafana是一个开源的度量分析与可视化套件。经常被用作基础设施的时间序列数据和应用程序分析的可视化，我们这里用它来做Kubernetes集群监控数据的可视化。本文将采取kubectl命令的方式部署Grafana。

准备工作

  1. Kubernetes集群，如果你还没有搭建好Kubernetes集群，可以参考这篇文章－Kubernetes-离线部署Kubernetes 1.9.0；
  2. Prometheus监控组件，可以参考这篇文章－Prometheus-使用Prometheus监控Kubernetes集群；
  3. Grafana镜像，截至笔者写这篇文章之时，最新的版本是5.2.2，但是如果使用该版本搭建，并且使用外挂存储的话，会出现以下错误
kubectl logs pod/grafanademo-5c4ff67949-pvcrs GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable. You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migration-from-a-previous-version-of-the-docker-container-to-5-1-or-later mkdir: cannot create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied

这是因为Grafana启动使用的用户和用户组都是472，造成对外挂存储没有权限，有人参考这里的方案给解决了，但是笔者没有测试通过，所以退而求其次，使用5.0.0版本进行搭建。

部署Grafana

新建以下yaml文件

grafana-dashboard-provider.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: grafana-dashboard-provider
  namespace: monitoring
data:
  default-dashboard.yaml: |
    - name: 'default'
      org_id: 1
      folder: ''
      type: file
      options:
        folder: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards
grafana.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: registry.docker.uih/library/grafana:5.0.0
          name: grafana
          ports:
          - containerPort: 3000
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 100Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 100Mi
          volumeMounts:
          - name: grafana-persistent-storage
            mountPath: /var
          - name: grafana-datasources
            mountPath: /etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources
          - name: grafana-dashboard-provider
            mountPath: /etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards
          - name: grafana-dashboards
            mountPath: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-datasources
        configMap:
          name: grafana-datasources
      - name: grafana-dashboards
        configMap:
          name: grafana-dashboards
      - name: grafana-dashboard-provider
        configMap:
          name: grafana-dashboard-provider
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}
grafana-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    name: grafana
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: grafana
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 3000
    targetPort: 3000
    nodePort: 30300

执行如下命令进行创建

kubectl create -f grafana-dashboard-provider.yaml -f grafana.yaml -f grafana-service.yaml

部署完成后通过Kubernetes Dashboard可以看到

img_c42a89f587b3a42099b57d30f7f04d7d.png
Dashboard

根据服务暴露出来的端口30300通过浏览器访问【http://10.3.14.193:30300】看到如下界面：

img_7dd02f4602cbf4d7e209805183bec6b3.png
Grafana login

输入用户名和密码（admin/admin）即可登录

img_904f31d58913ecf382d38172ac2499ec.png
Grafana Dashboard

接着我们配置数据源

img_3b988b2baafcddffd7a37092435d7ab2.png
Configuration
img_3259409d7b9e483e2bc49a3e89856640.png
data source configuration
img_c14111d6cb821a5cca1233f862a0fe56.png
Prometheus

点击import


img_291725477af3f8bd919dac9ce338891f.png
Grafana Dashboard
img_df22978d5d3c2f0f26898f0b19cee219.png
import

将JSON文件上传

grafana-dashboard.json
{
  "__inputs": [
    {
      "name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
      "label": "prometheus",
      "description": "",
      "type": "datasource",
      "pluginId": "prometheus",
      "pluginName": "Prometheus"
    }
  ],
  "__requires": [
    {
      "type": "grafana",
      "id": "grafana",
      "name": "Grafana",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "graph",
      "name": "Graph",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "datasource",
      "id": "prometheus",
      "name": "Prometheus",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "singlestat",
      "name": "Singlestat",
      "version": "5.0.0"
    }
  ],
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": "-- Grafana --",
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "description": "Shows resource usage of Kubernetes pods.",
  "editable": true,
  "gnetId": 737,
  "graphTooltip": 0,
  "id": null,
  "iteration": 1524106098941,
  "links": [],
  "panels": [
    {
      "collapsed": false,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 35,
      "panels": [],
      "title": "all pods",
      "type": "row"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": true,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "percent",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": true,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 5,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 1
      },
      "height": "180px",
      "id": 4,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (container_memory_working_set_bytes{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"}) / sum (machine_memory_bytes{instance=~\"^$instance$\"}) * 100",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 2
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "65, 90",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Memory Working Set",
      "transparent": false,
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "80%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": true,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "percent",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": true,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 5,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 8,
        "y": 1
      },
      "height": "180px",
      "id": 6,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"}[1m])) / sum (machine_cpu_cores{instance=~\"^$instance$\"}) * 100",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "65, 90",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Cpu Usage",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "80%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": true,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "percent",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": true,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 5,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 16,
        "y": 1
      },
      "height": "180px",
      "id": 7,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(container_fs_usage_bytes{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"}) / sum(container_fs_limit_bytes{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"}) * 100",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "",
          "metric": "",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "65, 90",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Filesystem Usage",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "80%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "bytes",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 6
      },
      "height": "1px",
      "hideTimeOverride": true,
      "id": 9,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "20%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "20%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"})",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "title": "Used",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "50%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "bytes",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 4,
        "y": 6
      },
      "height": "1px",
      "hideTimeOverride": true,
      "id": 10,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (machine_memory_bytes{instance=~\"^$instance$\"})",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "title": "Total",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "50%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "none",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 8,
        "y": 6
      },
      "height": "1px",
      "hideTimeOverride": true,
      "id": 11,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": " cores",
      "postfixFontSize": "30%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (rate (container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"}[1m]))",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Used",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "50%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "none",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 12,
        "y": 6
      },
      "height": "1px",
      "hideTimeOverride": true,
      "id": 12,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": " cores",
      "postfixFontSize": "30%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (machine_cpu_cores{instance=~\"^$instance$\"})",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "title": "Total",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "50%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "bytes",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 16,
        "y": 6
      },
      "height": "1px",
      "hideTimeOverride": true,
      "id": 13,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(container_fs_usage_bytes{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"})",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "title": "Used",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "50%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "cacheTimeout": null,
      "colorBackground": false,
      "colorValue": false,
      "colors": [
        "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
        "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
        "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
      ],
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "format": "bytes",
      "gauge": {
        "maxValue": 100,
        "minValue": 0,
        "show": false,
        "thresholdLabels": false,
        "thresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 4,
        "x": 20,
        "y": 6
      },
      "height": "1px",
      "hideTimeOverride": true,
      "id": 14,
      "interval": null,
      "isNew": true,
      "links": [],
      "mappingType": 1,
      "mappingTypes": [
        {
          "name": "value to text",
          "value": 1
        },
        {
          "name": "range to text",
          "value": 2
        }
      ],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "nullText": null,
      "postfix": "",
      "postfixFontSize": "50%",
      "prefix": "",
      "prefixFontSize": "50%",
      "rangeMaps": [
        {
          "from": "null",
          "text": "N/A",
          "to": "null"
        }
      ],
      "sparkline": {
        "fillColor": "rgba(31, 118, 189, 0.18)",
        "full": false,
        "lineColor": "rgb(31, 120, 193)",
        "show": false
      },
      "tableColumn": "",
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (container_fs_limit_bytes{id=\"/\",instance=~\"^$instance$\"})",
          "interval": "10s",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 10
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": "",
      "timeFrom": "1m",
      "title": "Total",
      "type": "singlestat",
      "valueFontSize": "50%",
      "valueMaps": [
        {
          "op": "=",
          "text": "N/A",
          "value": "null"
        }
      ],
      "valueName": "current"
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "fill": 1,
      "grid": {},
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 5,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 9
      },
      "height": "200px",
      "id": 32,
      "isNew": true,
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": true,
        "current": true,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "sideWidth": 200,
        "sort": "current",
        "sortDesc": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 2,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "percentage": false,
      "pointradius": 5,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(rate(container_network_receive_bytes_total{instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}[1m]))",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "receive",
          "metric": "network",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 240
        },
        {
          "expr": "- sum(rate(container_network_transmit_bytes_total{instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}[1m]))",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "transmit",
          "metric": "network",
          "refId": "B",
          "step": 240
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Network",
      "tooltip": {
        "msResolution": false,
        "shared": true,
        "sort": 0,
        "value_type": "cumulative"
      },
      "transparent": false,
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "buckets": null,
        "mode": "time",
        "name": null,
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "Bps",
          "label": "transmit / receive",
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "Bps",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "collapsed": false,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 1,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 14
      },
      "id": 36,
      "panels": [],
      "title": "each pod",
      "type": "row"
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 3,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "fill": 0,
      "grid": {},
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 7,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 15
      },
      "height": "",
      "id": 17,
      "isNew": true,
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": true,
        "current": true,
        "hideEmpty": true,
        "hideZero": true,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "sideWidth": null,
        "sort": "current",
        "sortDesc": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 2,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "connected",
      "percentage": false,
      "pointradius": 5,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{image!=\"\",name=~\"^k8s_.*\",instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}[1m])) by (pod_name)",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "{{ pod_name }}",
          "metric": "container_cpu",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 240
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Cpu Usage",
      "tooltip": {
        "msResolution": true,
        "shared": false,
        "sort": 2,
        "value_type": "cumulative"
      },
      "transparent": false,
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "buckets": null,
        "mode": "time",
        "name": null,
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "none",
          "label": "cores",
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "fill": 0,
      "grid": {},
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 7,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 22
      },
      "id": 33,
      "isNew": true,
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": true,
        "current": true,
        "hideEmpty": true,
        "hideZero": true,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "sideWidth": null,
        "sort": "current",
        "sortDesc": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 2,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "percentage": false,
      "pointradius": 5,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (container_memory_working_set_bytes{image!=\"\",name=~\"^k8s_.*\",instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}) by (pod_name)",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "{{ pod_name }}",
          "metric": "",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 240
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Memory Working Set",
      "tooltip": {
        "msResolution": false,
        "shared": false,
        "sort": 2,
        "value_type": "cumulative"
      },
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "buckets": null,
        "mode": "time",
        "name": null,
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "bytes",
          "label": "used",
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "fill": 1,
      "grid": {},
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 7,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 29
      },
      "id": 16,
      "isNew": true,
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": true,
        "current": true,
        "hideEmpty": true,
        "hideZero": true,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "sideWidth": 200,
        "sort": "avg",
        "sortDesc": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 2,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "percentage": false,
      "pointradius": 5,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum (rate (container_network_receive_bytes_total{image!=\"\",name=~\"^k8s_.*\",instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}[1m])) by (pod_name)",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "{{ pod_name }} < in",
          "metric": "network",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 240
        },
        {
          "expr": "- sum (rate (container_network_transmit_bytes_total{image!=\"\",name=~\"^k8s_.*\",instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}[1m])) by (pod_name)",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "{{ pod_name }} > out",
          "metric": "network",
          "refId": "B",
          "step": 240
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Network",
      "tooltip": {
        "msResolution": false,
        "shared": false,
        "sort": 2,
        "value_type": "cumulative"
      },
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "buckets": null,
        "mode": "time",
        "name": null,
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "Bps",
          "label": "transmit / receive",
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
      "decimals": 2,
      "editable": true,
      "error": false,
      "fill": 1,
      "grid": {},
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 7,
        "w": 24,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 36
      },
      "id": 34,
      "isNew": true,
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": true,
        "current": true,
        "hideEmpty": true,
        "hideZero": true,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "sideWidth": 200,
        "sort": "current",
        "sortDesc": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 2,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "percentage": false,
      "pointradius": 5,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "expr": "sum(container_fs_usage_bytes{image!=\"\",name=~\"^k8s_.*\",instance=~\"^$instance$\",namespace=~\"^$namespace$\"}) by (pod_name)",
          "interval": "",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "{{ pod_name }}",
          "metric": "network",
          "refId": "A",
          "step": 240
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeFrom": null,
      "timeShift": null,
      "title": "Filesystem",
      "tooltip": {
        "msResolution": false,
        "shared": false,
        "sort": 2,
        "value_type": "cumulative"
      },
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "buckets": null,
        "mode": "time",
        "name": null,
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "bytes",
          "label": "used",
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "label": null,
          "logBase": 1,
          "max": null,
          "min": null,
          "show": false
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "refresh": false,
  "schemaVersion": 16,
  "style": "dark",
  "tags": [
    "kubernetes"
  ],
  "templating": {
    "list": [
      {
        "allValue": ".*",
        "current": {},
        "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": true,
        "label": "Instance",
        "multi": false,
        "name": "instance",
        "options": [],
        "query": "label_values(instance)",
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "master|node.*",
        "sort": 0,
        "tagValuesQuery": "",
        "tags": [],
        "tagsQuery": "",
        "type": "query",
        "useTags": false
      },
      {
        "allValue": null,
        "current": {},
        "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": true,
        "label": "Namespace",
        "multi": true,
        "name": "namespace",
        "options": [],
        "query": "label_values(namespace)",
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "",
        "sort": 0,
        "tagValuesQuery": "",
        "tags": [],
        "tagsQuery": "",
        "type": "query",
        "useTags": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "time": {
    "from": "now-15m",
    "to": "now"
  },
  "timepicker": {
    "refresh_intervals": [
      "5s",
      "10s",
      "30s",
      "1m",
      "5m",
      "15m",
      "30m",
      "1h",
      "2h",
      "1d"
    ],
    "time_options": [
      "5m",
      "15m",
      "1h",
      "6h",
      "12h",
      "24h",
      "2d",
      "7d",
      "30d"
    ]
  },
  "timezone": "browser",
  "title": "Kubernetes Pod Resources",
  "uid": "Tl8II5Wmz",
  "version": 19
}

然后点击导入

img_fbcdf82c9b9a821d322f365e8cf21ee4.png
image.png

然后就可以看到Kubernetes集群的监控数据了

img_51c234fab0ad2663ae9e70c984ca0bb5.png
monitor dashboard

【附】还有其他的Dashboard

kubernetes-resources-usage-dashboard.json
{
  "__inputs": [
    {
      "name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
      "label": "prometheus",
      "description": "",
      "type": "datasource",
      "pluginId": "prometheus",
      "pluginName": "Prometheus"
    }
  ],
  "__requires": [
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "graph",
      "name": "Graph",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "singlestat",
      "name": "Singlestat",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "grafana",
      "id": "grafana",
      "name": "Grafana",
      "version": "3.1.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "datasource",
      "id": "prometheus",
      "name": "Prometheus",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    }
  ],
  "id": null,
  "title": "Kubernetes resources usage monitoring (via Prometheus)",
  "description": "Monitors Kubernetes cluster using Prometheus. Shows overall cluster CPU / Memory / Filesystem usage as well as individual pod, containers, systemd services statistics. Uses cAdvisor metrics only.",
  "tags": [
    "kubernetes"
  ],
  "style": "dark",
  "timezone": "browser",
  "editable": true,
  "hideControls": false,
  "sharedCrosshair": false,
  "rows": [
    {
      "collapse": false,
      "editable": true,
      "height": "200px",
      "panels": [
        {
          "aliasColors": {},
          "bars": false,
          "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
          "decimals": 3,
          "editable": true,
          "error": false,
          "fill": 0,
          "grid": {
            "threshold1": null,
            "threshold1Color": "rgba(216, 200, 27, 0.27)",
            "threshold2": null,
            "threshold2Color": "rgba(234, 112, 112, 0.22)"
          },
          "height": "",
          "id": 34,
          "isNew": true,
          "legend": {
            "alignAsTable": true,
            "avg": true,
            "current": true,
            "max": false,
            "min": false,
            "rightSide": true,
            "show": true,
            "sort": "current",
            "sortDesc": true,
            "total": false,
            "values": true
          },
          "lines": true,
          "linewidth": 2,
          "links": [],
          "nullPointMode": "connected",
          "percentage": false,
          "pointradius": 5,
          "points": false,
          "renderer": "flot",
          "seriesOverrides": [],
          "span": 12,
          "stack": false,
          "steppedLine": false,
          "targets": [
            {
              "expr": "(node_filesystem_size{mountpoint=\"/data-disk\"} - node_filesystem_free{mountpoint=\"/data-disk\"} ) / node_filesystem_size{mountpoint=\"/data-disk\"} * 100",
              "interval": "10s",
              "intervalFactor": 1,
              "legendFormat": "{{ instance }}",
              "metric": "",
              "refId": "A",
              "step": 10
            }
          ],
          "timeFrom": null,
          "timeShift": null,
          "title": "Nodes data disk usage",
          "tooltip": {
            "msResolution": true,
            "shared": true,
            "sort": 2,
            "value_type": "cumulative"
          },
          "transparent": false,
          "type": "graph",
          "xaxis": {
            "show": true
          },
          "yaxes": [
            {
              "format": "none",
              "label": "cores",
              "logBase": 1,
              "max": null,
              "min": null,
              "show": true
            },
            {
              "format": "short",
              "label": null,
              "logBase": 1,
              "max": null,
              "min": null,
              "show": false
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Network I/O pressure"
    },
    {
      "collapse": false,
      "editable": true,
      "height": "250px",
      "panels": [
        {
          "aliasColors": {},
          "bars": false,
          "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}",
          "decimals": 3,
          "editable": true,
          "error": false,
          "fill": 0,
          "grid": {
            "threshold1": null,
            "threshold1Color": "rgba(216, 200, 27, 0.27)",
            "threshold2": null,
            "threshold2Color": "rgba(234, 112, 112, 0.22)"
          },
          "height": "",
          "id": 33,
          "isNew": true,
          "legend": {
            "alignAsTable": true,
            "avg": true,
            "current": true,
            "max": false,
            "min": false,
            "rightSide": true,
            "show": true,
            "sort": "current",
            "sortDesc": true,
            "total": false,
            "values": true
          },
          "lines": true,
          "linewidth": 2,
          "links": [],
          "nullPointMode": "connected",
          "percentage": false,
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            "alignAsTable": true,
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              "refId": "B",
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          "timeFrom": null,
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          "title": "Pods network I/O",
          "tooltip": {
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            "sort": 2,
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      "height": "250px",
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          "editable": true,
          "error": false,
          "fill": 1,
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            "threshold1Color": "rgba(216, 200, 27, 0.27)",
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            "threshold2Color": "rgba(234, 112, 112, 0.22)"
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          "id": 30,
          "isNew": true,
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              "hide": false,
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              "hide": false,
              "interval": "10s",
              "intervalFactor": 1,
              "legendFormat": "-> docker: {{ kubernetes_io_hostname }} | {{ image }} ({{ name }})",
              "metric": "network",
              "refId": "A",
              "step": 10
            },
            {
              "expr": "- sum (rate (container_network_transmit_bytes_total{image!=\"\",name!~\"^k8s_.*\",kubernetes_io_hostname=~\"^$Node$\"}[1m])) by (kubernetes_io_hostname, name, image)",
              "hide": false,
              "interval": "10s",
              "intervalFactor": 1,
              "legendFormat": "<- docker: {{ kubernetes_io_hostname }} | {{ image }} ({{ name }})",
              "metric": "network",
              "refId": "C",
              "step": 10
            },
            {
              "expr": "sum (rate (container_network_transmit_bytes_total{rkt_container_name!=\"\",kubernetes_io_hostname=~\"^$Node$\"}[1m])) by (kubernetes_io_hostname, rkt_container_name)",
              "hide": false,
              "interval": "10s",
              "intervalFactor": 1,
              "legendFormat": "-> rkt: {{ kubernetes_io_hostname }} | {{ rkt_container_name }}",
              "metric": "network",
              "refId": "E",
              "step": 10
            },
            {
              "expr": "- sum (rate (container_network_transmit_bytes_total{rkt_container_name!=\"\",kubernetes_io_hostname=~\"^$Node$\"}[1m])) by (kubernetes_io_hostname, rkt_container_name)",
              "hide": false,
              "interval": "10s",
              "intervalFactor": 1,
              "legendFormat": "<- rkt: {{ kubernetes_io_hostname }} | {{ rkt_container_name }}",
              "metric": "network",
              "refId": "F",
              "step": 10
            }
          ],
          "timeFrom": null,
          "timeShift": null,
          "title": "Containers network I/O",
          "tooltip": {
            "msResolution": false,
            "shared": true,
            "sort": 2,
            "value_type": "cumulative"
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            }
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          "title": "All processes network I/O",
          "tooltip": {
            "msResolution": false,
            "shared": true,
            "sort": 2,
            "value_type": "cumulative"
          },
          "type": "graph",
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              "label": null,
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            }
          ]
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      ],
      "title": "All processes network I/O"
    }
  ],
  "time": {
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    "to": "now"
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}
文章标签：
容器服务Kubernetes版
可观测可视化 Grafana 版
可观测监控 Prometheus 版
容器
Cloud Native
Prometheus
Kubernetes
数据可视化
关键词：
可观测监控 Prometheus 版部署
可观测可视化 Grafana 版prometheus
prometheus可观测可视化 Grafana 版
可观测可视化 Grafana 版部署
相关实践学习
容器服务Serverless版ACK Serverless 快速入门：在线魔方应用部署和监控
通过本实验，您将了解到容器服务Serverless版ACK Serverless 的基本产品能力，即可以实现快速部署一个在线魔方应用，并借助阿里云容器服务成熟的产品生态，实现在线应用的企业级监控，提升应用稳定性。
云原生实践公开课
课程大纲 开篇：如何学习并实践云原生技术 基础篇： 5 步上手 Kubernetes 进阶篇：生产环境下的 K8s 实践 相关的阿里云产品：容器服务&nbsp;ACK 容器服务&nbsp;Kubernetes&nbsp;版（简称&nbsp;ACK）提供高性能可伸缩的容器应用管理能力，支持企业级容器化应用的全生命周期管理。整合阿里云虚拟化、存储、网络和安全能力，打造云端最佳容器化应用运行环境。 了解产品详情:&nbsp;https://www.aliyun.com/product/kubernetes
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