Kafka详解五、Kafka Consumer的底层API- SimpleConsumer

简介: 1.Kafka提供了两套API给Consumer The high-level Consumer APIThe SimpleConsumer API     第一种高度抽象的Consumer API,它使用起来简单、方便,但是对于某些特殊的需求我们可能要用到第二种更底层的API,那么先介绍下第二种API能够帮助我们做哪些事情 一个消息读取多次在一个处理过程中只消

1.Kafka提供了两套API给Consumer

  1. The high-level Consumer API
  2. The SimpleConsumer API     
第一种高度抽象的Consumer API,它使用起来简单、方便,但是对于某些特殊的需求我们可能要用到第二种更底层的API,那么先介绍下第二种API能够帮助我们做哪些事情
  • 一个消息读取多次
  • 在一个处理过程中只消费Partition其中的一部分消息
  • 添加事务管理机制以保证消息被处理且仅被处理一次

2.使用SimpleConsumer有哪些弊端呢?

  • 必须在程序中跟踪offset值
  • 必须找出指定Topic Partition中的lead broker
  • 必须处理broker的变动

3.使用SimpleConsumer的步骤

  1. 从所有活跃的broker中找出哪个是指定Topic Partition中的leader broker
  2. 找出指定Topic Partition中的所有备份broker
  3. 构造请求
  4. 发送请求查询数据
  5. 处理leader broker变更

4.代码实例



package bonree.consumer;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import kafka.api.FetchRequest;
import kafka.api.FetchRequestBuilder;
import kafka.api.PartitionOffsetRequestInfo;
import kafka.common.ErrorMapping;
import kafka.common.TopicAndPartition;
import kafka.javaapi.FetchResponse;
import kafka.javaapi.OffsetResponse;
import kafka.javaapi.PartitionMetadata;
import kafka.javaapi.TopicMetadata;
import kafka.javaapi.TopicMetadataRequest;
import kafka.javaapi.consumer.SimpleConsumer;
import kafka.message.MessageAndOffset;

public class SimpleExample {
	private List<String> m_replicaBrokers = new ArrayList<String>();

	public SimpleExample() {
		m_replicaBrokers = new ArrayList<String>();
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();
		// 最大读取消息数量
		long maxReads = Long.parseLong("3");
		// 要订阅的topic
		String topic = "mytopic";
		// 要查找的分区
		int partition = Integer.parseInt("0");
		// broker节点的ip
		List<String> seeds = new ArrayList<String>();
		seeds.add("192.168.4.30");
		seeds.add("192.168.4.31");
		seeds.add("192.168.4.32");
		// 端口
		int port = Integer.parseInt("9092");
		try {
			example.run(maxReads, topic, partition, seeds, port);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("Oops:" + e);
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public void run(long a_maxReads, String a_topic, int a_partition, List<String> a_seedBrokers, int a_port) throws Exception {
		// 获取指定Topic partition的元数据
		PartitionMetadata metadata = findLeader(a_seedBrokers, a_port, a_topic, a_partition);
		if (metadata == null) {
			System.out.println("Can't find metadata for Topic and Partition. Exiting");
			return;
		}
		if (metadata.leader() == null) {
			System.out.println("Can't find Leader for Topic and Partition. Exiting");
			return;
		}
		String leadBroker = metadata.leader().host();
		String clientName = "Client_" + a_topic + "_" + a_partition;

		SimpleConsumer consumer = new SimpleConsumer(leadBroker, a_port, 100000, 64 * 1024, clientName);
		long readOffset = getLastOffset(consumer, a_topic, a_partition, kafka.api.OffsetRequest.EarliestTime(), clientName);
		int numErrors = 0;
		while (a_maxReads > 0) {
			if (consumer == null) {
				consumer = new SimpleConsumer(leadBroker, a_port, 100000, 64 * 1024, clientName);
			}
			FetchRequest req = new FetchRequestBuilder().clientId(clientName).addFetch(a_topic, a_partition, readOffset, 100000).build();
			FetchResponse fetchResponse = consumer.fetch(req);

			if (fetchResponse.hasError()) {
				numErrors++;
				// Something went wrong!
				short code = fetchResponse.errorCode(a_topic, a_partition);
				System.out.println("Error fetching data from the Broker:" + leadBroker + " Reason: " + code);
				if (numErrors > 5)
					break;
				if (code == ErrorMapping.OffsetOutOfRangeCode()) {
					// We asked for an invalid offset. For simple case ask for
					// the last element to reset
					readOffset = getLastOffset(consumer, a_topic, a_partition, kafka.api.OffsetRequest.LatestTime(), clientName);
					continue;
				}
				consumer.close();
				consumer = null;
				leadBroker = findNewLeader(leadBroker, a_topic, a_partition, a_port);
				continue;
			}
			numErrors = 0;

			long numRead = 0;
			for (MessageAndOffset messageAndOffset : fetchResponse.messageSet(a_topic, a_partition)) {
				long currentOffset = messageAndOffset.offset();
				if (currentOffset < readOffset) {
					System.out.println("Found an old offset: " + currentOffset + " Expecting: " + readOffset);
					continue;
				}

				readOffset = messageAndOffset.nextOffset();
				ByteBuffer payload = messageAndOffset.message().payload();

				byte[] bytes = new byte[payload.limit()];
				payload.get(bytes);
				System.out.println(String.valueOf(messageAndOffset.offset()) + ": " + new String(bytes, "UTF-8"));
				numRead++;
				a_maxReads--;
			}

			if (numRead == 0) {
				try {
					Thread.sleep(1000);
				} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
				}
			}
		}
		if (consumer != null)
			consumer.close();
	}

	public static long getLastOffset(SimpleConsumer consumer, String topic, int partition, long whichTime, String clientName) {
		TopicAndPartition topicAndPartition = new TopicAndPartition(topic, partition);
		Map<TopicAndPartition, PartitionOffsetRequestInfo> requestInfo = new HashMap<TopicAndPartition, PartitionOffsetRequestInfo>();
		requestInfo.put(topicAndPartition, new PartitionOffsetRequestInfo(whichTime, 1));
		kafka.javaapi.OffsetRequest request = new kafka.javaapi.OffsetRequest(requestInfo, kafka.api.OffsetRequest.CurrentVersion(), clientName);
		OffsetResponse response = consumer.getOffsetsBefore(request);

		if (response.hasError()) {
			System.out.println("Error fetching data Offset Data the Broker. Reason: " + response.errorCode(topic, partition));
			return 0;
		}
		long[] offsets = response.offsets(topic, partition);
		return offsets[0];
	}

	/**
	 * @param a_oldLeader
	 * @param a_topic
	 * @param a_partition
	 * @param a_port
	 * @return String
	 * @throws Exception
	 *             找一个leader broker
	 */
	private String findNewLeader(String a_oldLeader, String a_topic, int a_partition, int a_port) throws Exception {
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			boolean goToSleep = false;
			PartitionMetadata metadata = findLeader(m_replicaBrokers, a_port, a_topic, a_partition);
			if (metadata == null) {
				goToSleep = true;
			} else if (metadata.leader() == null) {
				goToSleep = true;
			} else if (a_oldLeader.equalsIgnoreCase(metadata.leader().host()) && i == 0) {
				// first time through if the leader hasn't changed give
				// ZooKeeper a second to recover
				// second time, assume the broker did recover before failover,
				// or it was a non-Broker issue
				//
				goToSleep = true;
			} else {
				return metadata.leader().host();
			}
			if (goToSleep) {
				try {
					Thread.sleep(1000);
				} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println("Unable to find new leader after Broker failure. Exiting");
		throw new Exception("Unable to find new leader after Broker failure. Exiting");
	}

	private PartitionMetadata findLeader(List<String> a_seedBrokers, int a_port, String a_topic, int a_partition) {
		PartitionMetadata returnMetaData = null;
		loop: for (String seed : a_seedBrokers) {
			SimpleConsumer consumer = null;
			try {
				consumer = new SimpleConsumer(seed, a_port, 100000, 64 * 1024, "leaderLookup");
				List<String> topics = Collections.singletonList(a_topic);
				TopicMetadataRequest req = new TopicMetadataRequest(topics);
				kafka.javaapi.TopicMetadataResponse resp = consumer.send(req);

				List<TopicMetadata> metaData = resp.topicsMetadata();
				for (TopicMetadata item : metaData) {
					for (PartitionMetadata part : item.partitionsMetadata()) {
						if (part.partitionId() == a_partition) {
							returnMetaData = part;
							break loop;
						}
					}
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				System.out.println("Error communicating with Broker [" + seed + "] to find Leader for [" + a_topic + ", " + a_partition + "] Reason: " + e);
			} finally {
				if (consumer != null)
					consumer.close();
			}
		}
		if (returnMetaData != null) {
			m_replicaBrokers.clear();
			for (kafka.cluster.Broker replica : returnMetaData.replicas()) {
				m_replicaBrokers.add(replica.host());
			}
		}
		return returnMetaData;
	}
}

目录
相关文章
|
2月前
|
消息中间件 Kafka API
kafka Consumer high-level api 之白名单
kafka Consumer high-level api 之白名单
|
2月前
|
消息中间件 缓存 Java
Kafka Consumer java api 配置
Kafka Consumer java api 配置
|
3月前
|
消息中间件 存储 运维
探究Kafka原理-4.API使用
探究Kafka原理-4.API使用
34 0
|
3月前
|
消息中间件 缓存 Kafka
探究Kafka原理-3.生产者消费者API原理解析(下)
探究Kafka原理-3.生产者消费者API原理解析
133 0
|
8天前
|
缓存 前端开发 API
API接口封装系列
API(Application Programming Interface)接口封装是将系统内部的功能封装成可复用的程序接口并向外部提供,以便其他系统调用和使用这些功能,通过这种方式实现系统之间的通信和协作。下面将介绍API接口封装的一些关键步骤和注意事项。
|
15天前
|
监控 前端开发 JavaScript
实战篇:商品API接口在跨平台销售中的有效运用与案例解析
随着电子商务的蓬勃发展,企业为了扩大市场覆盖面,经常需要在多个在线平台上展示和销售产品。然而,手工管理多个平台的库存、价格、商品描述等信息既耗时又容易出错。商品API接口在这一背景下显得尤为重要,它能够帮助企业在不同的销售平台之间实现商品信息的高效同步和管理。本文将通过具体的淘宝API接口使用案例,展示如何在跨平台销售中有效利用商品API接口,以及如何通过代码实现数据的统一管理。
|
27天前
|
安全 算法 API
产品经理必备知识——API接口
前言 在古代,我们的传输信息的方式有很多,比如写信、飞鸽传书,以及在战争中使用的烽烟,才有了著名的烽火戏诸侯,但这些方式传输信息的效率终究还是无法满足高速发展的社会需要。如今万物互联的时代,我通过一部手机就可以实现衣食住行的方方面面,比如:在家购物、远程控制家电、自动驾驶等等,背后都离不开我们今天要聊的API接口。
|
27天前
|
数据采集 JSON API
如何实现高效率超简洁的实时数据采集?——Python实战电商数据采集API接口
你是否曾为获取重要数据而感到困扰?是否因为数据封锁而无法获取所需信息?是否因为数据格式混乱而头疼?现在,所有这些问题都可以迎刃而解。让我为大家介绍一款强大的数据采集API接口。
|
30天前
|
安全 API 数据安全/隐私保护
API接口知识小结
应用程序接口API(Application Programming Interface),是提供特定业务输出能力、连接不同系统的一种约定。这里包括外部系统与提供服务的系统(中后台系统)或后台不同系统之间的交互点。包括外部接口、内部接口,内部接口又包括:上层服务与下层服务接口、同级接口。