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AIX操作系统上安装Oracle数据库必不可少的几项检查工作

2017-11-12 1076
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简介：
一直以来在UNIX/Linux like操作系统上安装Oracle数据库软件都是一门精细活，在实际安装软件前有不少操作系统参数或配置需要我们关心。我们以10g release 2为例，尽可能完整地列出所有有必要的预检查工作。

1.确认使用的AIX版本经过认证，AIX 5.2之前的版本包括5.1都没有通过Oracle 10g的认证，换而言之如果你要安装10g的话就要保证AIX的版本>=5.2，我们可以通过以下脚本进行验证:

OS=`/usr/bin/uname -s`
if /usr/bin/test /usr/bin/oslevel
then
  OSVER6CHAR=`/usr/bin/oslevel -r | /usr/bin/sed 's/-//''`
  OSVER3CHAR=`/usr/bin/oslevel -r | /usr/bin/awk '{print substr($1,1,3)}'`
  OSVER=`/usr/bin/oslevel -r`
else
  OSVER6CHAR="000000"
  OSVER3CHAR="000"
  OSVER="000000"
fi
case $OSVER3CHAR in
     "414"|"415"|"420"|"421"|"432"|"433"|"510")
          /usr/bin/echo "$OS $OSVER is not certified with 10g RDBMS"

          ;;
     "520"|"530")
          if test -x /usr/bin/lslpp
          then
            OSBIT=`/usr/bin/lslpp -L | /usr/bin/grep bos.64bit | /usr/bin/awk '{print $1}' | /usr/bin/sed 's/bos.//' | /usr/bin/sed 's/bit//'`
          else
            OSBIT="32"
          fi
          if /usr/bin/test /usr/bin/getconf
          then
            GETCONFHWBIT=`/usr/bin/getconf HARDWARE_BITMODE 2>>/dev/null`
            case $GETCONFHWBIT in
            "undefined")
               /usr/bin/echo "HARDWARE_BITMODE is undefined or invalid, AIX OS is not 5.2 or 5.3"
               ;;
            "64")
               HARDWARE_BITMODE=64
               ;;
            "32")
               HARDWARE_BITMODE=32
               ;;
               *)
               /usr/bin/echo "HARDWARE_BITMODE check is invalid"

               ;;
            esac
          else
            /usr/bin/echo "getconf command is not found"
          fi
          if [ $OSBIT = 64 -a $GETCONFHWBIT = 64 ]
          then
            /usr/bin/echo "Certified with 10g RDBMS"
          else
            /usr/bin/echo "$OS $OSVER is not certified with 10g RDBMS"
          fi
          ;;
       *)
        /usr/bin/echo "$OS OS Version not determinable"
        ;;
esac

若以上脚本输出结果为Certified with 10g RDBMS，则说明当前的操作系统版本通过了10g的认证。

2.系统软件包是否完整安装，其中包括"bos.adt.base" "bos.adt.lib" "bos.adt.libm" "bos.perf.perfstat" "bos.perf.libperfstat" "bos.perf.proctools"等基础包:

OSpackagesOK=true
if /usr/bin/test -x /usr/bin/lslpp
then
  for PACKAGE in "bos.adt.base" "bos.adt.lib" "bos.adt.libm" "bos.perf.perfstat" "bos.perf.libperfstat" "bos.perf.proctools"
  do
    if [ `/usr/bin/lslpp -l | /usr/bin/grep -c $PACKAGE` != 0 ]
    then
      STATE=`/usr/bin/lslpp -l | /usr/bin/grep $PACKAGE | /usr/bin/awk '{print $3}' | /usr/bin/sed '2,$d'`
      if [ $STATE != "COMMITTED" ]
      then
         if [ $STATE != "APPLIED" ]
         then
            /usr/bin/echo "$PACKAGE"NotApplied
            OSpackagesOK=false
         fi
      fi
    else
      /usr/bin/echo "$PACKAGE"NotInstalled
      OSpackagesOK=false
    fi
  done
else
  /usr/bin/echo "NoAccess"

  OSpackagesOK=false
fi
if [ $OSpackagesOK = true ]
then
   /usr/bin/echo "All required OS packages are installed"
fi

若以上脚本未返回"All required OS packages are installed"，则说明系统包安装不完整，各种返回结果的相关解释:

ReturnValue            Action

---------------------------------------------------------------------

"$PACKAGE"NotInstalled Please install OS $package or its latest

                       version. Please refer to the following list of

                       required OS packages:

                       bos.adt.base, bos.adt.lib, bos.adt.libm,

                       bos.perf.perfstat, bos.perf.proctools

"$PACKAGE"NotApplied    The $package was found but is not applied or

                       commited, please make sure that it is applied.

NoAccess               OS packages could not be verified because the

                       user has no execute permission to /bin/lslpp.

                       Please provide user with execute permission.

3.是否安装了合适的操作系统补丁，如果是5.3的话要求在ML02的基础上安装有IY58143 IY59386 IY60930 IY66513 IY70159 apar fix。

OSpatchesOK=true
if /usr/bin/test oslevel
then
  OSVER4CHAR=`/usr/bin/oslevel -r | /usr/bin/awk -F- '{print $1}'`
else
  OSVER4CHAR="0000"
fi
if test -x /usr/sbin/instfix
then
  if [ $OSVER4CHAR -eq "5200" ]
  then
    for PATCH in IY63133 IY64978 IY63366 IY64691 IY64737 IY65001
    do
      if [ `/usr/sbin/instfix -ik $PATCH 2>&1 | /usr/bin/grep -ic "no"` != 0 ]
      then
        /usr/bin/echo "$PATCH"_NotInstalled
        OSpatchesOK=false
      fi
    done
    if [ `/usr/sbin/instfix -ik 5200-04_AIX_ML 2>&1 | /usr/bin/grep -ic "no"` != 0 ]
    then
      /usr/bin/echo "5200-04_AIX_ML_NotInstalled"

      OSpatchesOK=false
    fi
  elif [ $OSVER4CHAR -eq "5300" ]
    then
    for PATCH in IY58143 IY59386 IY60930 IY66513 IY70159
    do
      if [ `/usr/sbin/instfix -ik $PATCH 2>&1 | /usr/bin/grep -ic "no"` != 0 ]
      then
        /usr/bin/echo "$PATCH"_NotInstalled
        OSpatchesOK=false
      fi
    done
    if [ `/usr/sbin/instfix -ik 5300-02_AIX_ML 2>&1 | /usr/bin/grep -ic "no"` != 0 ]
    then
      /usr/bin/echo "5300-02_AIX_ML_NotInstalled"
      OSpatchesOK=false
    fi
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo "NoAccess"

  OSpatchesOK=false
fi
if [ $OSpatchesOK = true ]
then
   /usr/bin/echo "PatchesFound"
fi

若返回的结果不为PatchesFound，则可能是系统补丁安装不到位，各种可能的返回结果:

ReturnValue            Action

---------------------------------------------------------------------

$PATCH#                Please install OS $PATCH or its latest

                       version.

                       5.2:  IY63133, IY64978, IY63366, IY64691,

                       IY64737, IY65001 and

                       5200-04_AIX_ML maintenance level.

                       5.3:  IY58142, IY59386, IY60930, IY66513,

                       IY70159 and

                       5300-02_AIX_ML maintenance level

NoAccess               OS patches could not be verified because the

                       user has no execute permission to

                       /usr/sbin/instfix. Please provide user with

                       execute permission.

4.正确配置了操作系统用户，当前登录的用户名应出现在/etc/passwd文件中:

USER=`/usr/bin/id -nu`
if /usr/bin/test -r /etc/passwd
then
  if [ "x${USER}x" =  `/usr/bin/cat /etc/passwd | /usr/bin/awk -F: '{print "x"$1"x"}' | /usr/bin/grep -e "x${USER}x"` ]
  then
    /usr/bin/echo userOK
  else
    /usr/bin/echo "$USER not in /etc/passwd."

  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo "Can not read /etc/passwd"
fi

5.正确配置了用户组，当前用户的主用户组应出现在/etc/group文件中:

GROUP=`/usr/bin/id -ng`
if /usr/bin/test -r /etc/group
then
  if [ "x${GROUP}x" = "`/usr/bin/cat /etc/group | /usr/bin/awk -F: '{print "x"$1"x"}' | /usr/bin/grep "x${GROUP}x"`" ]
  then
    /usr/bin/echo "GroupOK"
  else
    /usr/bin/echo "Group not in /etc/group"

  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo "Can not read /etc/group"
fi

6.验证ORACLE_HOME环境变量指定的目录是否有效:

if /usr/bin/test %40%
then
   if /usr/bin/test -d %40%
   then
      if /usr/bin/test -h %40%
      then
         /usr/bin/echo OHsymlink
      else
         /usr/bin/echo "OHexists"
      fi
   else
      /usr/bin/echo OHnotvalid
   fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo "OHNotSpecified"
fi

该项其实可以不做硬性要求，可能返回的各种结果:

Return value      Action required

---------------------------------------------------------------------

OHnotvalid        Please ensure that the correct location is provided

                  or ensure that this directory has been created and

                  re-run this script

OHsymlink         ORACLE_HOME is a symbolic link

OHNotSpecified    No ORACLE_HOME value was provided for verification

7.ORACLE_HOME环境变量指定目录的权限设置是否合理:

READPERMISSION=false
WRITEPERMISSION=false
EXECUTEPERMISSION=false
if /usr/bin/test %40%
then
  if /usr/bin/test -d %40%
  then
    if /usr/bin/test -r %40%
    then
      READPERMISSION=true
    else
      /usr/bin/echo NoReadPerm
    fi
    if /usr/bin/test -w %40%
    then
      WRITEPERMISSION=true
    else
      /usr/bin/echo NoWritePerm
    fi
    if /usr/bin/test -x %40%
    then
      EXECUTEPERMISSION=true
    else
      /usr/bin/echo NoExecutePerm
    fi
  else
    /usr/bin/echo OHNotExist
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo OHNotSpecified
fi
if [ $WRITEPERMISSION = true -a $READPERMISSION = true -a $EXECUTEPERMISSION = true ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo CorrectPerms
else
  if /usr/bin/test %40%
  then
    /usr/bin/echo WrongPerms
  fi
fi

若未设置ORACLE_HOME环境变量则无需关心，可能返回的各种结果:

Return value        Action required

---------------------------------------------------------------------

NoReadPerm          Make sure the install user has read permission

                    on ORACLE_HOME

NoWritePerm         Make sure the install user has write permission

                    on ORACLE_HOME

NoExecutePerm       Make sure the install user has execute permission

                    on ORACLE_HOME

OHNotExist          ORACLE_HOME does not exist, please create the

                    ORACLE_HOME mount point and ensure the permissions

                    are correctly set (chmod 755)

OHNotSpecified      ORACLE_HOME can not be verified as the ORACLE_HOME

                    is not specified

WrongPerms          The specified ORACLE_HOME does not have correct

                    permissions.  Please have your System

                    Administrator correct the permissions to "rwx" for

                    the ORACLE_HOME mount point"

8.当前用户的umask掩码是否设置为022，若不是则需要修改为022:

MASK=`/usr/bin/umask`
if [ $MASK -eq 022 ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo UmaskOK
else
  /usr/bin/echo UmaskNotOK
fi

9.是否设置了LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量，若设置了则需要unset该变量以保证安装顺利:

if /usr/bin/test $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
then
  /usr/bin/echo IsSet
else
  /usr/bin/echo UnSet
fi

10.如上若设置了LIBPATH环境变量，则需要unset该变量:

if /usr/bin/test $LIBPATH
then
  /usr/bin/echo IsSet
else
  /usr/bin/echo UnSet
fi

11.进一步验证当前PATH变量中不存在引用/etc/oratab文件中列出的其他ORACLE_HOME的条目,若存在则需要在安装前移除:

NoneFound=true
if /usr/bin/test -f /etc/oratab
then
  for FILE in /etc/oratab
  do
    for LINE in `/usr/bin/cat $FILE | /usr/bin/grep -v '#' | /usr/bin/grep -v '^$' | /usr/bin/awk -F: '{print $2}' | /usr/bin/sort -u`
    do
      for ENVPATHS in PATH
      do
        if [ `/usr/bin/env | /usr/bin/grep -wc $ENVPATHS | /usr/bin/grep :$ENVPATHS= | /usr/bin/wc -l` -ge 1 ]
        then
          if [ `/usr/bin/env | /usr/bin/grep -w $ENVPATHS | /usr/bin/grep :$ENVPATHS= | /usr/bin/grep -c $LINE` -ge 1 ]
          then
	    /usr/bin/echo OratabEntryInPath
            NoneFound=false
          fi
        fi
      done
    done
  done
fi
if [ $NoneFound = true ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo NoneFound
fi

一般结果都为NoneFound，除非你的系统中确实使用到了多个ORACLE_HOME。

12.oraInventory目录的权限设置是否合理，若不合理会导致安装程序无法写入软件安装信息:

if /usr/bin/test -f /etc/oraInst.loc
then
  ORAINVENTORYLOC=`/usr/bin/cat /etc/oraInst.loc | /usr/bin/grep 'inventory_loc' | /usr/bin/grep -v "#" | /usr/bin/awk -F= '{print $2}'`
  if /usr/bin/test -w "$ORAINVENTORYLOC"

  then
    if  /usr/bin/test -r "$ORAINVENTORYLOC"
    then
      /usr/bin/echo oraInventoryOK
    else
      /usr/bin/echo oraInventoryNotOK
    fi
  else
    /usr/bin/echo oraInventoryNotOK
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo oraInventoryNotFound
fi

可能返回的各类结果:

Return value         Action required

---------------------------------------------------------------------

oraInventoryNotOK    Make sure the install user has write permission

                     to $ORAINVLOC

oraInventoryNotFound The file /etc/oraInst.loc was not found.  This

                     is not a problem if this is the first install of

                     oracle on the server.

13./tmp临时目录是否可写，并Free空间足够:

tmpOK=false
vartmpOK=false
if /usr/bin/test $TEMP
then
   TEMPLOC=$TEMP
else
   if /usr/bin/test $TMP
   then
      TEMPLOC=$TMP
   else
      TEMPLOC=/tmp
   fi
fi
if /usr/bin/test -d $TEMPLOC
then
   TMPFREE=`/usr/bin/df -k $TEMPLOC | /usr/bin/awk '{print $3}' | /usr/bin/sed '1d'`
   TMPFREE=`/usr/bin/expr $TMPFREE / 1024`
   if [ $TMPFREE -lt 400 ]
   then
      /usr/bin/echo TempFreeIsLow
   else
      if /usr/bin/test -w "$TEMPLOC"
      then
         tmpOK=true
      else
        /usr/bin/echo TempNoWrite
      fi
   fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo invalidDIR
fi
if /usr/bin/test $TMPDIR
then
   TMPDIRLOC=$TMPDIR
else
   TMPDIRLOC=/var/tmp
fi
if /usr/bin/test -d $TMPDIRLOC
then
   TMPDIRSIZE=`/usr/bin/df -k "$TMPDIRLOC" | /usr/bin/awk '{print $3}' | /usr/bin/sed '1d'`
   TMPDIRSIZE=`/usr/bin/expr $TMPDIRSIZE / 1024`
   if [ $TMPDIRSIZE -lt 200 ]
   then
      /usr/bin/echo TMPDIRTooSmall
   else
      if /usr/bin/test -w "$TMPDIRLOC"
      then
         vartmpOK=true
      else
         /usr/bin/echo TMPDIRNoWrite
      fi
   fi
else
   /usr/bin/echo invalidDIR
fi
if [ $tmpOK = true -a $vartmpOK = true ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo TempSpaceOK
fi

/tmp目录不可写或空间不足均会引起安装失败，可能返回的各类结果:

ReturnValue      Action

----------------------------------------------------------------------

TempFreeIsLow    ALERT- Your temp space ($TEMP or $TMP or /tmp) has

                 less than the required 400 Mb free space.  Please

                 make sure your temp space has at least 400 Mb of

                 free space

TempNoWrite      ALERT- your temp space ($TEMP or $TMP or /tmp) does

                 not have write permissions for this user

TMPDIRTooSmall   ALERT- $TMPDIR or /tmp has less than the

                 required 200 Mb.  Please point the TMPDIR

                 environmental variable to a mount point with at

                 least 200 Mb of free space

TMPDIRNoWrite    ALERT- $TMPDIR is set in the environment;

                 however, $TMPDIRLOC does not have write permissions

                 for this user

invalidDIR       ALERT- $TEMP or $TMPDIR are set in the environment

                 with invalid directory
FYI: The runInstaller (OUI) uses/checks for temporary space by checking first for the TEMP environmental variable, then the TMP environmental variable and lastly the actual '/tmp' mount point FYI: The operating system also needs additional space by creating files under /tmp or if it finds TMPDIR environmental variable it will use that.

14.空闲SWAP是否充足，SWAP过少可能导致安装失败:

if test -x /usr/sbin/lsps
then
  SWAP=`/usr/sbin/lsps -s | /usr/bin/awk '{print $1}' | /usr/bin/sed '1d' | /usr/bin/sed 's/MB/ /'`
  if /usr/bin/test -z "$SWAP"
  then
    /usr/bin/echo SWAPNotSet
  else
    /usr/bin/echo $SWAP
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo "ALERT- SWAP space cannot be determined"
fi

15.是否有已启动的Oracle Universal Installer，若有则需要先停止OU的java安装界面进程:

if [ `/usr/bin/ps -ef | /usr/bin/grep -i runInstaller | /usr/bin/grep -v grep | /usr/bin/wc -l` -ge 1 ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo AnotherOUIup
else
  /usr/bin/echo NoOtherOUI
fi

16.ORACLE_HOME指向文件夹所在文件系统是否有足够的磁盘空间，若空间不足则建议改变软件安装的文件系统或扩充文件系统:

if /usr/bin/test %40%
then
  if /usr/bin/test -d %40%
  then
    OHDISKSPACEKB=`/usr/bin/df -k %40% | /usr/bin/awk '{print $3}' | /usr/bin/sed '1d'`
    OHDISKSPACE=`/usr/bin/expr $OHDISKSPACEKB / 1024`
    DBANDSW=4200
    DBORSW=3000
    CLIENTONLY=1500
    if [ $OHDISKSPACE -ge $DBANDSW ]
    then
      /usr/bin/echo DiskSpaceOK
    elif [ $OHDISKSPACE -ge $DBORSW ]
    then
      /usr/bin/echo OnlySpaceForOne
    elif [ $OHDISKSPACE -ge $CLIENTONLY ]
    then
      /usr/bin/echo ClientOnly
    else
      /usr/bin/echo NoSpace
    fi
  else
    /usr/bin/echo OHNotValid
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo OHNotSpecified
fi

可能返回的各类结果:

ReturnValue             Action

----------------------------------------------------------------------

OnlySpaceForOne        %40% has sufficient free disk space to

                       install the 10g software but not enough to create

                       a database.

ClientOnly             %40% only has sufficient free disk space to

                       do a client installation.

NoSpace                %40% has insufficient free disk space

                       to do a 10g install.

OHNotFound             Disk space calculations cannot be performed

                       since $ORACLE_HOME is not a valid directory

17. 环境变量AIXTHREAD_SCOPE是否设置为S，Oracle推荐设置AIX操作系统上特有的参数，以获取更佳的性能:

if /usr/bin/test $AIXTHREAD_SCOPE
then
  if [ $AIXTHREAD_SCOPE = "S" ]
  then
    /usr/bin/echo AIXTHREAD_SCOPEOK
  else
    /usr/bin/echo AIXTHREAD_SCOPEBad
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo AIXTHREADNotSet
fi
若结果为AIXTHREADNotSet则可以在该用户的profile中指定"export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S"。

18.保证未设置LINK_CNTRL环境参数:

if /usr/bin/test $LINK_CNTRL
then
   /usr/bin/echo LINK_CNTRLBad
else
   /usr/bin/echo LINK_CNTRLunset
fi

若设置了该操作可能导致程序link阶段出错，通过unset LINK_CNTRL命令重置该变量。

19.验证是否有足够的物理内存，若物理内存小于1023MB则不通过:

MEM=`/usr/sbin/lsattr -HE -l sys0 -a realmem | /usr/bin/sed '1d' | /usr/bin/awk '{print $2}'`
MEM=`/usr/bin/expr $MEM / 1024`
/usr/bin/echo $MEM

20.配置的交换空间是对比物理内存是否合理:

if /usr/bin/test %130%
then
  if [ %130% -lt 1610 ]
  then
    /usr/bin/echo InsufficientSwap
  else
    if [ %140% -gt 0 ]
    then
      if [ %140% -gt 1024 -a %140% -lt 2048 ]
      then
        if [ %130% -lt `/usr/bin/expr %140% \* 3 / 2` ]
        then
          /usr/bin/echo SwapLessThanRAM
        else
          /usr/bin/echo SwapToRAMOK
        fi
      elif [ %140% -gt 2049 -a %140% -lt 8192 ]
      then
        if [ %130% -lt %140% ]
        then
          /usr/bin/echo SwapLessThanRAM
        else
          /usr/bin/echo SwapToRAMOK
        fi
      else [ %140% -gt 8192 ]
        if [ %130% -lt `/usr/bin/expr %140% \* 3 / 4` ]
        then
          /usr/bin/echo SwapLessThanRAM
        else
          /usr/bin/echo SwapToRAMOK
        fi
      fi
    else
      /usr/bin/echo MemNotDetermined
    fi
  fi
else
  /usr/bin/echo SwapNotDetermined
fi

Oracle推荐Swap空间至少同主机上的物理内存大小一致，若小于则建议扩展该交换空间，可能返回的各类结果:

ReturnValue            Action

--------------------------------------------------------------------

SwapNotDetermined      ALERT- A Swap to Memory ratio cannot be

                       determined because swap has not been setup or

                       you do not have execute permission to

                       determine swap

SwapLessThanRAM         ALERT- Swap space is less than the physical

                       memory. Set swap space at least the same

                       size as the physical memory

InsufficientSwap       ALERT- 10g RDBMS requires at least 1.5 Gb of swap

                       space

MemNotDetermined       ALERT- A Swap to Memory ratio cannot be

                       determined because you do not have execute

                       permission to determine the physical memory

21.ld,nm,ar,make等编译工具是否可用，若不可能则在安装的编译阶段可能出错:

ARFOUND=false
LDFOUND=false
NMFOUND=false
MAKEFOUND=false
arvalue=`/usr/bin/which ar`
if /usr/bin/test -h $arvalue
then
  arvalue=`/usr/bin/ls -l $arvalue | /usr/bin/awk '{print $11}' | /usr/bin/awk -F* '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ "$arvalue" != "/usr/ccs/bin/ar" ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo ArFoundInPath
else
  ARFOUND=true
fi
ldvalue=`/usr/bin/which ld`
if /usr/bin/test -h $ldvalue
then
  ldvalue=`/usr/bin/ls -l $ldvalue | /usr/bin/awk '{print $11}' | /usr/bin/awk -F* '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ "$ldvalue" != "/usr/ccs/bin/ld" ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo LdFoundInPath
else
  LDFOUND=true
fi
nmvalue=`/usr/bin/which nm`
if /usr/bin/test -h $nmvalue
then
  nmvalue=`/usr/bin/ls -l $nmvalue | /usr/bin/awk '{print $11}' | /usr/bin/awk -F* '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ "$nmvalue" != "/usr/ccs/bin/nm" ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo NmFoundInPath
else
  NMFOUND=true
fi
makevalue=`/usr/bin/which make`
if /usr/bin/test -h $makevalue
then
  makevalue=`/usr/bin/ls -l $makevalue | /usr/bin/awk '{print $11}' | /usr/bin/awk -F* '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ "$makevalue" != "/usr/ccs/bin/make" ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo MakeFoundInPath
else
  MAKEFOUND=true
fi
if [ $ARFOUND = true -a $LDFOUND = true -a $NMFOUND=true -a $MAKEFOUND = true ]
then
  /usr/bin/echo ld_nm_ar_make_found
fi

一般来说这些编译工具不会丢失，但若在您的系统中它们不见了，则需要联系系统管理人员重新安装上，可能的各类结果:

ReturnValue      Action

---------------------------------------------------------------------

ArFoundInPath    ar is found in PATH but not in /usr/ccs/bin or symbolically linked to /usr/ccs/bin as

                 required

LdFoundInPath    ld is found in PATH but not in /usr/ccs/bin or symbolically linked to /usr/ccs/bin as

                 required

NmFoundInPath    nm is found in PATH but not in /usr/ccs/bin or symbolically linked to /usr/ccs/bin as

                 required

MakeFoundInPath  make is found in PATH but not in /usr/ccs/bin or symbolically linked to /usr/ccs/bin as

                 required

22.ulimit相关的参数是否设置合理其中包括stack size,open files等重要参数:

TIMEOK=false
TIME=`/usr/bin/ulimit -t`
if /usr/bin/test -z "$TIME"
then
/usr/bin/echo TimeNotDef
elif [ $TIME != "unlimited" ]
then
/usr/bin/echo TimeTooSmall
else
TIMEOK=true
fi
FILEOK=false
FILE=`/usr/bin/ulimit -f`
if /usr/bin/test -z "$FILE"
then
/usr/bin/echo FileNotDefined
elif [ $FILE != "unlimited" ]
then
/usr/bin/echo FileTooSmall
else
FILEOK=true
fi
DATAOK=false
DATA=`/usr/bin/ulimit -d`
if /usr/bin/test -z "$DATA"

then
/usr/bin/echo DataNotDefined
elif [ $DATA = "unlimited" ]
then
DATAOK=true
elif [ $DATA -ge 1048576 ]
then
DATAOK=true
else
/usr/bin/echo DataTooSmall
fi
STACKOK=false
STACK=`/usr/bin/ulimit -s`
if /usr/bin/test -z "$STACK"
then
/usr/bin/echo StackNotDefined
elif [ $STACK = "unlimited" ]
then
STACKOK=true
elif [ $STACK -ge 32768 ]
then
STACKOK=true
else
/usr/bin/echo StackTooSmall
fi
NOFILESOK=false
NOFILES=`/usr/bin/ulimit -n`
if /usr/bin/test -z "$NOFILES"
then
/usr/bin/echo NoFilesNotDefined
elif [ $NOFILES = "unlimited" ]
then
NOFILESOK=true
elif [ $NOFILES -ge 4096 ]
then
NOFILESOK=true
else
/usr/bin/echo NoFilesTooSmall
fi
MEMORYOK=false
MEMORY=`/usr/bin/ulimit -m`
if /usr/bin/test -z "$MEMORY"

then
/usr/bin/echo MemoryNotDefined
elif [ $MEMORY = "unlimited" ]
then
MEMORYOK=true
elif [ $MEMORY -ge 2045680 ]
then
MEMORYOK=true
else
/usr/bin/echo MemoryTooSmall
fi
if [ $TIMEOK = true -a $FILEOK = true -a $DATAOK = true -a $STACKOK = true -a $NOFILESOK = true -a $MEMORYOK = true ]
then
/usr/bin/echo ulimitOK
fi

若未返回ulimitOK,则需要针对不同的结果修改/etc/security/limits.conf中当前用户相关的条目，各类不同的返回结果:

Return value         Action required

----------------------------------------------------------------------

TimeNotDef           ulimit(TIME) has not been defined

TimeTooSmall         Increase the ulimit(TIME) to unlimited

FileNotDefined       ulimit(FILE) has not been defined"

FileTooSmall         Increase the ulimit(FILE) to unlimited

DataNotDefined       ulimit(DATA) has not been defined

DataTooSmall         Increase the ulimit(DATA) to at least 1048576

StackNotDefined      ulimit(STACK) has not been defined

StackTooSmall        Increase the ulimit(STACK) to at least 32768

NoFilesNotDefined    ulimit(NOFILES) has not been defined

NoFilesTooSmall      Increase the ulimit(NOFILES) to at least 4096

MemoryNotDefined     ulimit(MEMORY) has not been defined

MemoryTooSmall       Increase the ulimit(MEMORY) to at least 2045680

23.此外一般大型的OLTP系统都需要运行成百上千的服务进程，AIX中单个用户同时能运行的进程数受到系统对象sys0的maxuproc属性限制，一般我们需要修改该参数:

/* 列出当前sys0的maxuproc设置 */
$ lsattr -El sys0|grep maxuproc|cut -c 1-20
maxuproc        128

/* root用户可以修改该属性 */
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=4096

24.配置合理的AIX Virtual Memeory参数，这些参数可能包括maxperm,minperm等，以下为IBM给出的推荐设置:

minperm%=3
maxperm%=90
maxclient%=90
lru_file_repage=0
strict_maxperm=0
strict_maxclient=1
page_steal_method=1
可以通过以下命令完成配置: 
#!/usr/bin/ksh
vmo -p -o maxperm%=90;
vmo -p -o minperm%=3;
vmo -p -o maxclient%=90;
vmo -p -o strict maxperm=0;
vmo -p -o strict maxclient=1;
vmo -p -o lru_file_repage=0;
vmo -r -o page_steal_method=1; (need to reboot to take into effect)
vmo -p -o strict_maxclient=1
vmo -p -o strict_maxperm=0;
This VMM tuning tip is applicable for AIX 5.2 ML4+ or AIX 5.3 ML1+ lru_file_repage : This new parametter prevents the computational pages to be paged out. By setting lru_file_repage=0 (1 is the default value) you’re telling the VMM that your preference is to steal pages from FS Cache only. minfree = 120 x # lcpus Increase if page stealing activity, vmstat “po” column maxfree = minfree +(maxpaghead x # lcpus) minperm% = from 3 to 10 maxperm% = maxclient% = from 70 to 90 strict_maxclient = 1 On AIX part vmo –p –o v_pinshm = 1 Leave maxpin% at the default of 80% unless the SGA exceeds 77% of real memory : vmo –p –o maxpin%=[(total mem-SGA size)*100/total mem] + 3 On Oracle part (9i/10g) LOCK_SGA = TRUE Large Page Support – improves performance of prefetching On AIX part vmo –r –o lgpg_size = 16777216 –o lgpg_regions=(SGA size / 16 MB) chuser capabilities=CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE oracle (allow Oracle user ID to use Large Pages) ldedit –b lpdata oracle (to allow oracle binary to use large page data) export LDR_CNTRL=LARGE_PAGE_TEXT=Y@LARGE_PAGE_DATA=M (prior Oracle user ID to starting Oracle instance and listener to allow both large page text and large page data)
也可以参考VMM Tuning Tip: Protecting Computational Memory at  http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/download/attachments/53871915/VMM+Tuning+Tip+-+Proctecting+Comp+Memory.pdf?version=2

25.配置系统对象中的I/O pacing限制，在AIX 6.1中自动完成，而在5.3上我们需要手动修改sys0：

Users of AIX occasionally encounter long interactive-application response times when other applications in the system are running large writes to disk. Configuring I/O pacing limits the number of outstanding I/O requests against a file. AIX 6.1 enables I/O pacing by default and the default value: "minpout=4096 and maxpout=8193" is good for AIX6.1. However, in AIX 5.3, you need to explicitly enable this feature. Oracle's testing has shown that starting values of 8 for minpout and 12 for maxpout are a good baseline for most Oracle customers. However, every environment is different, and therefore different values may very well be acceptable, if the system has been properly tuned and shown to perform with differing values. To configure I/O pacing on the system via SMIT, using Oracle's recommended baseline values, enter the following at the command line as root 
# smitty chgsys
# chdev -l sys0 -a minpout=8 -a maxpout=12

to be continued.......



本文转自maclean_007 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/maclean/1277576

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